Project Echelon Surveillance of Long Linear Static Structures

Project Echelon: Surveillance of Long, Linear, Static Structures The OSU Team Kickoff January 2004

Retreat Goals To think through & document: § Requirements - User, Hardware, Middleware & Application § Metrics - Operational & Technical § Process § Roles - Internal & External 2

New Team Members • Rajiv Ramnath: Project Management • Prasun Sinha: Tier 2 (802. 11 a) Networking • Emre Ertin: our EE person Signal Processing Hardware 3

Concept of Operations Primary Effort Problem: Ø Too vast an area for limited personnel resources (mobile guards) Ø Hostile actions: • Destruction (explosives) • Damage to pumps and transformers • Stripping of copper power lines (for pumps) Operational Need: Pipeline Damage in Iraq Ø Reliable automated surveillance to detect movement in security zone FY 04 Experiment: Ø Sense movement of personnel and/or vehicles toward the pipeline Ø Track the movement and the stop/start of movement 4

Concept of Operations (cont. ) Primary Effort Detection and tracking of vehicles Mobile Patrol Pipeline on m 0 k 1 p m Pu Detection of unknowns ? ti Sta ne li ipe Guard Force Alerted P e S rity u ec n Zo Detection and tracking of personnel 1 km Reaction Force 5

CONOPS Related Efforts Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures Surveillance of Supply Routes: Ø Detect potential ambush sites: • Personnel w/shoulder fired weapons (e. g. , RPGs) • IEDs Enemy Observation Point (OP) IED Wire to OP FY 04 Experiment: Ø Sense movement of personnel/vehicles toward supply route, and then: IED § They remain near a point § They remain for a while and then leave Ø Sense suspicious movement on the road 6

Candidate Applications Convoy protection 1 D Detect anomalous driving patterns on road Convoy protection 2 D Detect anomalous activity along roadside Hide Site IED 7

CONOPS Related Efforts Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures Border Surveillance: Ø Detect illegal border crossings: • U. S. Customs • Military operations in Iraq FY 04 Experiment: Ø Detect movement of personnel/vehicles across area adjacent to a border 8

Comparison Delay tolerance Existing comms Existing sensors Hot problem No alternative Hardware tolerance Full network Processing load Cost/length CONOPS Kansas Pipeline Northern border Colombian Pipeline 2 D Convoy protection 1 D Convoy protection 9

Preliminary Program Plan System Metrics Operational Metrics • Latency • Probability of False Alarm (Pfa) • Probability of Detection (Pd) Technical Metrics § <10 seconds (90% of the time) • Robustness § Of node § <1 per day § Of network § 0. 99 for vehicles § 0. 95 for dismounts • Sensor coverage • Sensor density § TBD • Effective bandwidth • Classification • XSM Node Lifetime • Relay Node Lifetime § Of first-tier network § TBD • Network Deployment time • Network Uninstallation time • § Of second-tier network • Endurance Cost § <1 hour § Of node § Of network § < 1 hour § Per node § Per unit area covered 10

Preliminary Program Plan Technology Transition • Transition Partners • Transition Process § Joint DARPA/Partner identification of operational challenges and potential solutions § DARPA development of technical solution to operational challenges § Joint evaluation of technical solution § Joint Memorandum of Agreeement (MOA) / Memorandum of 11

Experiment Site Characteristics • Relatively flat, open area • Easy for observers to see large section of experiment site • No forests • No large physical obstructions to line-of-site comms • Relatively good weather (little rain, light winds, etc. ) 12

Final Demo Experiment Sites Candidate Sites Ø Naval Air Weapons Facility, China Lake § 150 miles NE of Los Angeles § Encompasses 1. 1 million acres of land in California's upper Mojave Desert, ranging in altitude from 2, 100 to 8, 900 feet § Varies from flat dry lake beds to rugged piñon pine covered mountains. § Weather should be consistent ü Summer will be hot 13

WPAFB Experiment Site The area in the red ellipse is the one for the test range. It is approximately 7500’ x 2500’. 14

Another “improvised” view of the area. 15

OSU Experiment Site Don Scott Airfield North Runway area: . 5 km x. 5 km Internal Testbed Space Candidates § North Rec Centre (floor) § Warehouses in Kinnear or Goodale area (may have to pay for space) 16

Preliminary Program Plan Roles and Responsibilities Systems Integration Ohio State Technology Development Sensors Xtreme Scaling Mote Relay Node Display Unit Crossbow Technology Ohio State GUI Application Layer Middleware Services Operating System Ohio State UC Berkeley Application Tools Ohio State UCLA UC Berkeley §Clock Sync (UCLA, OSU) §Group Formation (OSU, UCB) §Localization (UIUC) §Remote Programming (UCB) §Routing (OSU, UCB) §Sensor Fusion (OSU) §Power Management (UCB) §Relay Node Services (UCLA) UC Berkeley MAC Layer UC Berkeley Auxiliary Services §Testing (OSU, MITRE, CNS Technologies) • Simulation tools (UCB, UCLA, Vanderbilt, OSU) § Monitoring, logging, and testing infrastructure (UCB, OSU) § Evaluation (MITRE) § Logistics, site planning (CNS Technologies, OSU) § Con. Ops development (Puritan Research, CNS Technologies, South. Com, US Customs & Border Protection, MITRE, OSU) Transition Partners USSOUTHCOM, U. S. Customs & Border Protection, USSOCOM, AFRL 17

Agenda (Friday) 9 am Team introduction; Goals for the retreat Preliminary Application and Con. Ops Requirements and Metrics Hardware, Middleware, Application Architecture overview 10 am Risks (Rajiv Ramnath) 10: 30 -11 am Time. Sync (Ted Herman) 11 am-12 noon Localization (Ted Herman) 12 -1 pm Lunch brought in (Oxleys) 1 -1: 45 pm Echelon topology (SK) 1: 45 -2: 15 pm Clustering & Group Management (MD) 2: 00 -3 pm Simulation (Mikhail Nesterenko) 3: 15 -4: 00 pm Monitoring (SB) 4 -5 pm Power management (SK) 6: 15 pm Out-of-towners Dinner (Host: Prof. CK Chang, China Dynasty on Lane Ave) 18

Agenda (Saturday) 9 am Routing (Mohamed Gouda, HZ) 10 -10: 30 TDMA (Sandeep Kulkarni, HZ) 10: 30 -noon Localization (w/ Gul Agha: (217)359 -0789) 12 -1: 30 pm Lunch brought in (Chipotle) 1: 30 -2 pm Border Patrol (Rajiv Ramnath) 2 -3 pm Tier 2 networking (Prasun Sinha) 3 -4 pm Hardware (PD, Emre Ertin, HC) Antenna discussion 4: 00 -5: 00 Process discussion (Rajiv Ramnath) 5 pm Budget 5: 15 pm ALine. In. The. Sand writeups & planning 6 pm Dinner (Everyone to Anish's residence) 19

Agenda (Sunday) 9 am Taking Stock, Planning 9: 30 -11: 30 Requirements and Metrics Application, Con. Ops, Hardware specifications 11: 30 am-1 New research ideas: Mobi. Loc BGP 20

To Do • Sign Up for Lunch 21