Programming language — formal sign system

*

*Programming language - formal sign system for recording computer programs. The programming language defines a set of lexical, syntactic and semantic rules that define the appearance of the program and actions to fulfill the Executive (the computer) under its management.

* Since the creation of the first programmable machines mankind has * * invented more than two and a half thousand languages. Each year, their number is replenished with new ones. The first programming language is machine code, it was placed on the weaving machine tool manufactures (as it is now said, CNC) and was used to punch cards. It was, if I remember correctly, at the end of the XVII century. And in the modern sense of the first utilities software was written Bebbizhdem for your calculator (beginning of XVIII century), their analysis and optimization done Lady Ada Lovelace (nee Ada Byron), Kotra and is considered the world's first a programmer. It was also mostly native code, but with the rudiments of an assembler. Here is the assembler, and probably Fortran is the first "real" programming languages.

*The most common programming languages are Java, C + +, Pascal, Cobol, Delphi, Fortran, C, Visual Basiс.

*There are different classifications of programming languages. *In the most common classification of all programming languages, according to the order in which terms necessary to describe the task, divided into high and low language level. *If the language is close to natural language programming, it is called high-level language, if the engine is closer to the teams - the language of a low level.

*Machine-oriented languages - the languages, sets of operators and Graphic Arts which essentially depend on the characteristics of the computer (internal language, memory structures). *Machine-independent language aimed not at the instruction of a computer and a system of operands which are characteristic for writing a particular class of algorithms. However, programs written in high level languages take up more memory and run slower than programs in machine language.

* Java - Object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle). Java applications are usually compiled into a special byte-code, so they can run on any Java-virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. The official release date - May 23, 1995. This programming language is a highlevel language.

* Language is widely used in mobile software market. It is quite well established applications in Java. The programming language Java, developed by Sun Microsystems, is free, so it can be freely used to create applications for any device that supports one of the set up platforms for the language. The main platforms for creating Javabased applications are J 2 SE, J 2 EE, J 2 ME. * J 2 SE platform is mainly used for writing various applets and desktop computers for specific goals and objectives. The platform has a basic kit, which includes the core language and standard library. * For mobile applications using the platform J 2 ME. This is the only platform to run applications on conventional phones (without an operating system that are installed on smartphones and more hightech devices). J 2 ME is suitable mainly for the creation of minigames for mobile communications. Since the platform set limits on the size of applications and their functions, the platform is gradually replaced by more modern solutions. Market ordinary phones using J 2 ME is quite wide and is about 70% of the total Russian market for mobile devices