Professional Education and Skilled Crafts Dual Training Chambers

Professional Education and Skilled Crafts Dual Training, Chambers of Skilled Crafts, Projects Oliver Thieß, education policy department © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg

What are the skilled crafts? The skilled crafts in Germany include over 100 occupations, which • produce goods and deliver 12, 20355 Hamburg on services © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall individual order • in comparatively small quantities • in comparatively small enterprises (7 employees on average) industry: large-scale production, complex business organisation, abstract demand (market demand) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 2

What are the skilled crafts? (Examples) § Alteration tailor (m/f) § § Plant mechanic for sanitary, heating and air conditioning systems (m/f) Salesperson specialising in foodstuffs (Bakery, Butcher) (m/f) § Bicycle mechanic (m/f) § Optician (m/f) § Butcher (m/f) § Baker (m/f) § photographer (m/f) § Funeral services specialist (m/f) § Hairdresser (m/f) § Concretor (m/f) § Floor layer (m/f) § Violin maker (m/f) § Boat builder (m/f) § Hearing aid audiologist (m/f) § Bookbinder (m/f) § Motor vehicle mechatronics technician (m/f) § Roofer (m/f) § Beautician (m/f) § Electronics technician (m/f) § Tinsmith (m/f) § Mason (m/f) § Pastry cook (m/f) § Painter and varnisher (m/f) § Metalworker (m/f) § Shoemaker (m/f) § Chimney sweep (m/f) § Joiner (m/f) § Roadbilder (m/f) § Carpenter (m/f) § Dental technician (m/f) © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg § Industrial cleaner (m/f) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 3

What are the skilled crafts? nationwide: • approximately 1. 004. 000 enterprises = 20 % of all businesses © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg • 5, 346 million employees = 12, 8 % of all earners • 401. 819 apprentices = 28 % of all apprentices • 5, 8 billion EURO volume of sales Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 4

Chamber of Skilled Crafts Role and general tasks § (Regional) self-governing body of the companies § General assembly: Parliament of craftsmen § Non-profit corporation under public law © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg § Represents interests of SME in politics and towards public administration § Service provider for its members (e. g. management and legal consultancy, LüüüD – Human Recource consultancy for SME) § One of the most advanced centres for VET (vocational education & training) focusing on small trades and small and medium-sized companies. +BAH = apprenticeship and bachelor in economics § Fulfils statutory duties in the field of vocational training Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 5

Training: A look back In the beginning was a quality problem: • middle ages: training organised by guilds © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg (apprentice, journeyman, master craftsman) • 19 th century: disintegration of guilds, industrialisation Ø production with semi-skilled workers Ø cheap quality of goods („Made in Germany“ as a discrimination) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 6

Training: A look back Solution: National standards and compulsory (vocational) schooling • End of 19 th/beginning of 20 th century: © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg First legal framework regulates the supervision of apprenticeship training • Development of compulsory schooling (basic knowledge) Ø 1938 Introduction of compulsory vocational school • 1953 Crafts Code • 1969 Vocational Training Act Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 7

Main features Why „dual training system“? • 2 learning venues: Company and part-time vocational school • Closeness ©to the current work Hamburg processes, Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 broad qualification („profession principle“), self dependent trainees ( semi-skilled workers) • Company advantage: productive performance of trainees, eased recruitment • Apprentice advantage: Allowance, eased entrance into working life Ø Success story for companies, school leavers Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg Tischler = Carpenter + joiner + cabinet maker 18 März 2018 8

Main features Dimensions of dual training* Year School leavers New training contracts Transition © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 1992 759. 737 595. 215 78, 3 % 2005 939. 279 550. 180 58, 6 % 2007 946. 186 625. 914 66, 2 % * Source: Vocational Training Report 2008 Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 9

Main features Training (3– 3, 5 years) Company Vocational School (3 -4 days per week) (1 -2 days per week) regulated by: Fed. Government (BBi. G, Hw. O) Länder (states) © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg based upon: Training contract Compulsory schooling content defined by: Training regulations Issue curricula supervised by: Competent bodies (chambers) Ministries of education financed by: Company Länder (states) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 10

Main features Feature of training in skilled crafts only: Inter-company vocational training (ÜLU) • conducted© Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg centers of by professional training chambers and guilds • occupation-specific, content of courses nationwide defined • adds to the company as lerning venue („third learning venue“) • ensures broad qualification – even by small companies Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 11

Main features Principles and problems • Companies may train – but they don‘t have to: training depends on demand © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg Ø Dual training linked to economic cycle ( social responsability) Ø Affinity of the government to full-time vocational schools • But: Closeness of dual training to economy is more strength than weakness! Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 12

Main features Principles and problems • Coordination of learning in company and school © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg Ø Vocational Training Act prescribes „learning venue cooperation“ (LOK) since 2005 Training company Vocational school LOK (trainers, teachers) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 13

Vocational Training Act • Stipulation of the learning venues (§ 2) • Recognition of training occupations (§ 4) • Rights and duties of apprentices and trainers (§ 13, 14)© Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg • Aptitude of the company (§ 27) • Aptitude of the trainer (§ 28) • Registration of all training contracts by the „competent bodies“ (chambers) (§ 34) • Setup of examination boards by the „competent bodies“ (chambers) (§ 39) • Chambers as „competent bodies“ (§ 71) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 14

Training regulations define. . . • • Name of every occupation Duration of training (norm. 3 to 3, 5 years) © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg Specific capabilities and skills Training master plan: Instruction for organisation (concerning time and content) • Examination requirements Ø Training regulations: minimum requirements Ø Training regulations: open towards practice Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 15

Training regulations Development and modification • Initiative: Normally by confederations of skilled crafts, confederations of employers, © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg trade unions • Important criteria: Economic relevance, prospects on the labour market • Commitment to consensus • Defined procedure between employers, unions, practical experience and vocational training research since 1978 Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 16

Chamber of Skilled Crafts Duties in the field of vocational training Securing aptitude of instructors und training companies Counselling and monitoring of companies, trainers and apprentices © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg Examination boards Registration of training contracts Chamber of Skilled Crafts und Small Businesses Administration of examinations Vocational training board BBA Enacting statutory provisions (e. g. examination provisions) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 17

Looking ahead Future of the dual training system • European Union: Comparability and acceptance. Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg of qualifications: © - Modularisation of vocational training - Estimation of school training compared to company training Ø „Lisbon Process “ Ø „European Qualification Frame“ (EQF) DQR Ø „European Credit Transfer System for Vocational Education and Training“ (ECVET) Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 18

„Handwerks-Meister“ Apprentice (Lehrling) Craftsman (Geselle) Master Craftsman (Meister) EQF Level 4 EQF Level 6 The Master Craftsman Certificate is the most recognised German certificate for 20355 Hamburg quality crafts © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, • We provide training for 14 different master craftsman professions • We hold examinations for nearly 60 different master craftsman professions • We provide consultation regarding financial support Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 19

Why we use ESF § demographic trends: more elderly, less young people - Where are our apprentices? § nevertheless too© Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg much young people with major difficulties to enter a vocational career in Hamburg - better matching is necessary - companies need more help with them to train them § the unknown world of skilled crafts § bad image of skilled crafts – „white collar jobs are better“ Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 20

Activities concerning young people § Ausbildungsberatung - § Project INa - Integrierte Nachwuchsgwinnung im Handwerk - § © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg custom-fit Placement of apprentices by order of the companies (find the right one) financed by ESF and BMWT Counseling of young people and their parents, placement of apprentices financed by ESF and BMAS Project Teilzeitausbildung - § financed by ESF and the city of Hamburg Project PHW – Perspektive Handwerk - § Comprehensive recruitment of young people for training in the crafts sector Project PV – passgenaue Vermittlung - § Counseling and monitoring of companies, trainers and apprentices, financed by the HWK Hamburg Counselling of young people and companies on part-time-apprentices financed by the ESF and the city of Hamburg Project BOB – Career orientation - Hands-on courses in workshops with focus on vocational practices for students, duration: 2 weeks. financed by HWK Hamburg and the ESF and the BMAS Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 21

INa - Comprehensive recruitment of young people for training in the crafts sector § Hands-on courses with focus on vocational practices for students (eg. building a bird house oder making sausages in 4 -5 h under the guidance of a master of craftsman) § Professional trainings for teacher of Holstenwall 12, 20355 general education schools of Hamburg © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, with focus on skilled crafts and trades § Consultation on/counseling for schools to improve career orientation/ vocational orientation in terms of craftman`s trade § Guidance/Coaching for women who completed an apprenticeship to attend and finish the course for master craftswoman (Meisterin) § Guidance/Coaching of apprentice and training supervisor to prevent the termination of the apprenticeship Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 22

Thank you! © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg Professional Education/Oliver Thieß © Handwerkskammer Hamburg, Holstenwall 12, 20355 Hamburg 18 März 2018 23