
082e72bf842e80253c54896a11751ba9.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 35
Prof. Thomas Fleiner*/ Prof. Dr. Lidija R. Basta Fleiner Theories and Praxis on Peace, Federalism, and Human Rights 3 rd Week: Federal Institutional Principles and Designs. 4 th class: Shared Rule: Comparing Different Governmental Systems in Federal States Thomas Fleiner
Basic Elements of Federalism Constitution Shared Rule Self Rule
Democratic Governance Federal Governance Good Governance
Principles Democracy Rule of Law Fundamental Rights
Directorial System Presidential System Westminter Type System Semipresidential Three Governmental Systems:
United Kingdom Westminster Parliament
Basic Concept of Governmental Systems Head of State Executive Parliament
Head of State Executive Parliament
Head of State Executive Parliament
s on m rd om s Lo C Crown
s on m om rd Lo C s Crown
on s m s rd Lo C om Crown
Westminster Commons Lords Primemisister-Cabinett Crown
Westminster System Head of State rg e t In ve o nm r e Parliament Judiciary People ip sh n Prime-min. io at el Cabinet l. R ta n
Checks and Balances USA Legislative sovereingty Executive sovereignty Judiciary sovereignty Congress House Senat President Supreme Court
USA Competitive Federalism Federation v. States
Federal Government Leg Exe State Government Jud Leg Exe Jud Federal Issues - Citizen - State Issues
One Canton One Vote Challenge for State National all Council Institutions Council Federal Diet Conflict Management Federal Council Parties Federal Tribunals One Person One Vote Nation Education (semi-)direct democracy Lobbies initiative - Referendum
Switzerland Vertical separation Executive Federalism
Implem. Federation Implementaiong Right to vote People and States Implementation Right to vote Implemementation Commune Right to vote Implem. Canton
States Council Head of States European Union President Peoples Parliament President Council of Ministers Commission People(‘s? ) of the Union? Foreign Aff.
Forms of Federal Executives and Legislatures in Selected Federations
Federat Executive Head of ion Legislature Government Head Federation Bicameral unic. Leg. Austr. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer. Austria Cabinet Chancellor El. Presid. Bicamer. Belgi. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer. Canada Cabinet Prime. Mini. Monarch Bicamer. Germa. Cabinet Chancellor Pres. El. Assembly Bicamer. Malays. Cabinet Prime. Min. Sel. Her. rulers Bicamer. Spain Cabinet Prime. Min. Monarch Bicamer. CH Fixed term Exec. Dire. Rot. Pres. Bicamer. US Sep. Pres. Congress President Pres. Elected Bicamer.
Variations in Selection, Composition and Powers of Second Chambers S. Watts
Selection Composition Powers Role App. By Fed. Gov. CA Mal. 63% Seats Equal Regio. Absol Veto Repr. CA Mediation US, CH Legislature CH; US, AT AU MY App. By F. Gv. Nom. Provinc. Equ. St. Re. AU, US, CH Abs. Veto f. some Legis. ; int. Gvt Rel ZA App. State Gov. GE 2 Cat. Of St. Repres. CH Susp. Veto time ES MY Interpret. Const. Ethi. Ind. El. State legis. AT IN MY Weighed. St. Susp. Veto GE Repr. AU. IN. Dir. El. Simpl. Plur. CH, US Weighed St. Repr. IN, AT Deadlock: joint Sitting Dir. El. Prop. AU Ad. repr. for other IN, MY Deadlock: Diss. Joint Sit. Choice left to Cantons CH Min. reg. repr. ES, BE Money Bill Sus Veto IN, My Mixed. BE. ES, MY Repr. Nation Judic. Funct.
Concluding Remarks
Major Issues Democratic participation of the people Participation of federal units and People’s Democratic accountability Horizontal and vertical Checks and Balances / Separation of powers Transparency including participation Rule of Law
Major Challenges Nation and Nation-Building Democratic governance versus Federal governance One or two chambers? Checks and Balances Independence of Judiciary local and federal Parties, Parliament and election
Different Legal Systems Common Law Continental Law
Nation and Legitimacy Authority of the State Federalism and the interest of cultural communities Layers of Government Second Class State Constitution and its Function Constitution Making Limit or empower Government Distribution of Powers legislative vacuum Empowerment of local Government
Legal Systems Judiciary and Administration of Federal Law Unitary or Parallel legal systems Independence of Judiciary Legal Dualism of Civil Law countries Limited Powers of Administrative Courts No writ of mandamus What powers for implementing federal law
Different “federal” solutions With regard to the Judiciary: Structure of the Judiciary: Federal – State Courts (USA) Federalized Judiciary (Switzerland) Centralized Judiciary (Germany) Jurisdiction with regard to federal laws: Constitutional review of cases USA Abstract review (Germany, Spain) Limited jurisdiction (Switzerland) Not to forget: International Jurisdiction namely European Court of Human Rights
Access to Justice Fundamental Right of Federal Constitution Decision of Federal Legislature Decision of local legislature Common law writs Access based on Human Rights Universal Human Rights Different Rights on Federal and Local level? Access by the legislature
Independence of Judiciary Power and Jurisdiction of the Courts Common Law: Power and Jurisdiction of Courts determined by common law Civil Law: Power and Jurisdiction determined By legislation: Federal Legislation only Federal and Local legislation Independence of Judges Federal and local solution for election and reelection of Judges Implementation of verdicts: Common Law: Contempt of Court Civil Law: Implementation by administration
082e72bf842e80253c54896a11751ba9.ppt