PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER Sattarov A. , Cht-13 -6 ka 2
CONTENT Introduction History Production Properties Application
INTRODUCTION Rubber is a collective term for macromolecular substances of natural origin known as natural rubber (NR) or synthetic origin or manmade known as synthetic rubber (SR). Synthetic rubber is one of the types of rubber. It is a white, crumbly, plastic mass which is processed and vulcanized in the same manner as natural rubber. In other words, synthetic rubber is an artificially produced material having properties similar to natural rubber. Most synthetic rubbers are obtained by polymerization or polycondensation of unsaturated monomers. There are wide varieties of different synthetic rubbers, reflecting the various different applications and the chemical and mechanical properties they have. Co-polymerization of different monomers leads to the material properties of synthetic rubber to be varied across a wide range.
HISTORY In 1879, the Frenchman Gustave Bouchardat (1842 -1918) created one form of synthetic rubber, producing a polymer of isoprene in a laboratory. The expanded use of motor vehicles, and particularly motor vehicle tires, starting in the 1890 s, created increased demand for rubber. In 1909, a team headed by Fritz Hofmann, working at the Bayer laboratory in Elberfeld, Germany, also succeeded in polymerizing methyl isoprene (2, 3 dimethyl-1, 3 -butadiene), the first synthetic rubber. The Russian scientist Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev created the first rubber polymer synthesized from butadiene in 1910. This form of synthetic rubber provided the basis for the first large-scale commercial production, which occurred during World War I as a result of shortages of natural rubber. This early form of synthetic rubber was again replaced with natural rubber after the war ended, but investigations of synthetic rubber continued. Russian American Ivan Ostromislensky did significant early research on synthetic rubber and a couple of monomers in the early 20 th century. Political problems that resulted from great fluctuations in the cost of natural rubber led to the enactment of the. Stevenson Act in 1921. This act essentially created a cartel which supported rubber prices by regulating production (see OPEC), but insufficient supply, especially due to wartime shortages, also led to a search for alternative forms of synthetic rubber.
APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER USAGE LIKE NATURAL RUBBER, SYNTHETIC RUBBER HAS A VARIED RANGE OF APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS FOLLOWS: Tire industry (car, aircraft and bicycle tires) Conveyor belts Floor coverings Seals Drive belts Hoses Medical equipment
PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER THERE ARE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER, EACH HAVING THEIR UNIQUE PROPERTIES. SOME OF THE COMMON PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER ARE AS FOLLOWS: Better abrasion resistance Good Elasticity Better heat and aging resistance Electrical insulation material Flexible at low temperatu res Flame retardant Resistant to grease& oil etc.
FACTORS LEADING TO SYNTHETIC RUBBER PRODUCTION THOUGH, WORLD WAR II BECAME THE FORCE FOR THE EMERGENCE OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER ON A LARGE-SCALE BASIS WHEN GOVERNMENTS BEGAN BUILDING PLANTS TO BALANCE NATURAL RUBBER SHORTAGES, THERE WERE OTHER VARIOUS REASONS AS WELL AFTER THE WAR WHICH LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALTERNATIVE OR SUBSTITUTE FOR NATURAL RUBBER. SOME IMPORTANT FACTORS RESULTING TO THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER ARE The increase in global demand for rubber. Regional constraints with respect to establishing rubber plantations Rising prices for natural rubber on the world market in response to the general state of the economy Political events which cut customers off from the suppliers of raw materials Long transport distances
REFERENCES Threadingham, Desmond; Obrecht, Werner; Wieder, Wolfgang; Wachholz, Gerhard; Engehausen, Rüdiger (2011). Rubber, 3. Synthetic Rubbers, Introduction and Overview. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Weinheim). doi: 10. 1002/14356007. a 23_239. pub 5. Market Study Synthetic Rubber, Ceresana, June 2013 The Moving Powers of Rubber, Leverkusen, Germany: LANXESS AG: 20 Michalovic, Mark (2000). "Destination Germany: A Poor Substitute". The Story of Rubber. Edwards, Douglas C. (2001). "Chap. 5 - Liquid Rubber". In Bhowmick, Anil K. ; Stephens, Howard. Handbook of Elastomers, Second Edition (First ed. ). Marcel Dekker Inc. p. 135. ISBN 08247 -0383 -9. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
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