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PROCLAMATION NO. 2146 [DECEMBER 14, 1981]
PROCLAIMING CERTAIN AREAS AND TYPES OF PROJECTS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM ESTABLISHED UNDER PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1586.
A. Environmentally Critical Projects
I. Heavy Industries a. Non-ferrous metal industries b. Iron and steel mills c. Petroleum and petro-chemical industries including oil and gas d. Smelting plants
II. Resource Extractive Industries a. Major mining and quarrying projects b. Forestry projects 1. Logging 2. Major wood processing projects 3. Introduction of fauna (exotic-animals) in public/private forests 4. Forest occupancy 5. Extraction of mangrove products 6. Grazing c. Fishery Projects 1. Dikes for fishpond development projects
III. Infrastructure Projects a. Major dams b. Major power plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal) c. Major reclamation projects d. Major roads and bridges.
B. Environmentally Critical Areas
1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves and sanctuaries; 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots; 3. Areas which constitute the habitat for any endangered or threatened species of indigenous Philippine Wildlife (flora and fauna); 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological , or scientific interests; 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes;
7. Areas with critical slopes; 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands; 9. Recharged areas of aquifers; 10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions; ; a. tapped for domestic purposes; ; b. within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; c. which support wildlife and fishery activities.
11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination or the following conditions: a. with primary pristine and dense young growth; b. adjoining mouth of major river systems; c. near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; d. which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; e. on which people are dependent for their livelihood. 12. Coral reef characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: a. with 50% and above live coralline cover; b. Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; c. Which act as natural breakwater of coastlines.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1586 [ESTABLISHING AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM, INCLUDING OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RELATED MEASURES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES]
Section 1. Policy n It is hereby declared the policy of the State to attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between socio-economic growth and environmental protection.
Section 2 Environmental Impact Statement System n There is hereby established an Environmental Impact Statement System founded and based on the environmental impact statement required, under Section 4 of Presidential Decree No. 1151, of all agencies and instrumentalities of the national government, including government-owned or controlled corporations, as well as private corporations, firms and entities, for every proposed project and undertaking which significantly affect the quality of the environment.
Section 3 Determination of Lead Agency n The Minister of Human Settlements or his designated representative is hereby authorized to name the lead agencies referred to in Section 4 of Presidential Decree No. 1151 which shall have jurisdiction to undertake the preparation of the necessary environmental impact statements on declared environmentally critical projects and areas. All Environmental Impact Statements shall be submitted to the National Environmental Protection Council for review and evaluation.
Section 4 Presidential Proclamation of Environmentally Critical Areas and Projects n The President of the Philippines may, on his own initiative or upon recommendation of the National Environmental Protection Council, by proclamation declare certain projects, undertakings or areas in the country as environmentally critical. No person, partnership or corporation shall undertake or operate any such declared environmentally critical project or area without first securing an Environmental Compliance Certificate issued by the President or his duly authorized representatives.
For the proper management of said critical project or area, the President may by his proclamation reorganize such government offices, agencies, institutions, corporations or instrumentalities including the realignment of government personnel, and their specific functions and responsibilities.
For the same purpose as above, the Ministry of Human Settlements shall: a. prepare the proper land or water use pattern for said critical project(s) or area(s); b. establish ambient environmental quality standards; c. develop a program of environmental enhancement or protective measures against calamitous factors such as earthquake, floods, water erosion and others, and d. perform such other functions as may be directed by the President from time to time.
Section 5 Environmentally Non-Critical Projects All other projects, undertakings and areas not declared by the President as environmentally critical shall be considered as non-critical and shall not be required to submit an environmental impact statement. The National Environmental Protection Council, thru the Ministry of Human Settlements may however require non-critical projects and undertakings to provide additional environmental safeguards as it may deem necessary.
Section 6 Secretariat The National Environmental Protection Council is hereby authorized to constitute the necessary secretariat which will administer the Environmental Impact Statement System and undertake the processing and evaluation of environmental impact statements.
Section 7 Management and Financial Assistance Ministry of Human Settlements is hereby authorized to provide management and financial support to government offices and instrumentalities placed under its supervision pursuant to this Decree financed from its existing appropriation or from budgetary augmentation as the Minister of Human Settlements may deem necessary.
Section 8 Rules and Regulations The National Environmental Protection Council shall issue the necessary rules and regulations to implement this Decree. For this purpose, the National Pollution Control Commission may be availed of as one of its implementing arms, consistent with the powers and responsibilities of the National Pollution Control Commission as provided in P. D. No. 984.
Section 9 Penalty for Violation Any person, corporation or partnership found violating Section 4 of this Decree, or the terms and conditions in the issuance of the Environmental Compliance Certificate, or of the standards, rules and regulations issued by the National Environmental Protection Council pursuant to this Decree shall be punished by the suspension or cancellation of his/its certificate and/or a fine in an amount not to exceed Fifty Thousand Pesos (P 50, 000) for every violation thereof, at the discretion of the National Environmental Protection Council.
Section 10 Environmental Revolving Fund Proceeds from the penalties prescribed in the preceding Section 9 and other penalties imposed by the National Pollution Control Commission as authorized in P. D. 984, shall be automatically appropriated into an Environment Revolving Fund hereby created as an exemption to P. D. 711 and P. D. 1234. The fund shall be used exclusively for the operation of the National Environmental Protection Council and the National Pollution Control Commission in the implementation of this Decree. The rules and regulations for the utilization of this fund shall be formulated by the Ministry of Human Settlements and submitted to the President for approval.
Section 11 Repealing Clause The Inter-Agency Advisory Council of the National Pollution Control Commission created under Section 4 of P. D. 984 is hereby abolished and its powers and responsibilities are forthwith delegated and transferred to the Control of the National Environmental Protection Council. All other laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541 AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 1. 02. 03: Building permits
n (a) Any person, firm, or corporation, including any department, office, bureau, agency of instrumentality of the government intending to construct, alter, repair, move, convert or demolish any building or structure, or cause the same to be done, shall obtain a building permit from the Building Official for whichever of such work is proposed to be undertaken for the building or structure, before any such work is started.
(b) Appropriate rules and regulations shall be set by the Secretary concerning: (1) Forms for application for building permits; (2) Procedures to be observed in securing such permits; (3) Procedures to be observed in the issuance, suspension, and revocation of such building permits; and (4) Type, nature, and scope of plans and specifications, and other requisite documents, which shall be prepared and designed by a licensed architect or engineer.
(c) When authorized by the Building Official in accordance with the provisions of this Code, plans and specifications need not be submitted for the following: (1) Group A traditional indigenous type of dwelling construction costing not more than three thousand pesos (P 3, 000. 00); and (2) Group J Division 1 Occupancy of Type 1 conventional wood frame construction or of the traditional indigenous type of construction costing not more than three thousand pesos (P 3, 000. 00).
(d) The applicant for a building permit for private buildings or structures after having complied with all the requirements prescribed therefor in accordance with the provisions of this Code, shall be issued a building permit within fifteen (15) days from the date of payment of the permit fee for Groups A and J Occupancies and within thirty (30) days from the date of payment of the permit fee for other Group Occupancies, unless the Building Official or his Deputy authorized to issue the permit shall inform the applicant in writing why the permit should not be issued, and shall indicate thereon the particular provisions of the Code violated by the applicant or the particular requirements not complied with. Within fifteen (15) days from the date of receipt by the applicant of advice from the Building Official or his Deputy authorized to issue the permit why the building permit should not be issued, or why the building permit is suspended or revoked, the applicant may appeal the non-issuance, suspension, or revocation thereof, to the Mayor of the chartered city or municipality, or the Governor of the province where the building or structure for which the permit is being applied for is located. Said appeal shall be decided within fifteen (15) days from receipt thereof, otherwise, the applicant may bring the matter to the proper Court of Justice for final disposition.
(e) All public buildings shall conform to the provisions of this Code and the Building Official of the city or province where the public building is located shall issue the building permit therefor, stating in writing that such public building conforms to the requirements of the Code. For national public buildings, the Secretary of Public Works and Communications shall issue a certification that such a building conforms to the Code. Public buildings shall be exempt from payment of building permit, inspection, another fees.
SECTION 1. 02. 04: Fees (a) Regulations on building permit, inspection and other fees, and for compliance with the same shall be covered by city and municipal ordinances: Provided, That Traditional indigenous family dwellings under Section 1. 04 (d) shall be exempt from payment of building permit fees.
SECTION 1. 02. 05: Inspection ad Certificates of Occupancy (a) Inspection. The duly licensed architect or engineer engaged by the owner to undertake inspection and detailed supervision of the construction shall periodically certify that the construction conforms to the plans and specifications submitted in the application for a building permit. Upon submission of such periodic certifications during the progress of construction, the Building Official shall periodically issue the required authority to continue with the subsequent phases of construction, without prejudice to his right to conduct on his own initiative any inspection of the said construction. Upon completion of the construction, the said duly licensed architect or engineer shall submit to the Building Official the final certification that the building conforms to the provisions of the Code and with the detailed plans and specifications submitted.
n (b) Certificates of Occupancy. The proper Certificate of Occupancy shall be issued to the applicant within seven (7) days from completion of the requirements for inspection and occupancy and payment of any and all fees therefor, unless the building Official or his Deputy issuing the Certificate shall show cause in writing why the Certificate should not be issued and shall indicate thereon the particular provisions of the Code violated or the particular requirements not complied with. Within fifteen (15) days from receipt by the applicant of the advice from Building Official or his Deputy authorized to issue the certificate why the certificate should not be issued, or why the certificate is suspended or revoked, the applicant may appeal the nonissuance, suspension, or revocation thereof, to the Mayor of the chartered city or municipality, or the Governor of the province where the building for which the certificate is being applied for is located. Said appeal shall be decided within fifteen (15) days from receipts thereof, otherwise, the applicant may bring the matter to the proper Court of Justice for final disposition. The building may be occupied only upon issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy.
TITLE 3 - REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY Chapter 3. 01 - CLASSIFICATION OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL OCCUPANCIES
SECTION 3. 01: Occupancy Classified (a) Building proposed, for construction shall be identified according to its use or the character of its occupancy and shall be classified as follows: (1) Group A - Residential: Dwellings. Group A Occupancies shall include dwellings. (2) Group B - Residential: Hotels and Apartments. - Group B Occupancies shall include boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment houses, convents, and monasteries (each accomodating more than 10 persons). (3) Group C - Education and Recreation. Group C Occupancies shall be any building used for school or day care purposes more than eight hours per week, involving assemblage for instruction, education, or recreation, and not classed in Group I or in Divisions 1 and 2 of Group H Occupancies.
(4) Group D - Institutional. Group D Occupancies shall include: Division 1 - Mental hospitals, mental sanitariums, jails, prisons, reformatories, and buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained; Division 2 - Nurseries for full-time care of children under kindergarten age, hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory patients, and similar buildings (each accommodating more than five persons); Division 3 - Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children of kindergarten age or over (each accommodating more than five persons); Provided, That Group D Occupancies shall not include buildings used only for private residential purposes or for a family group.
(5) Group E - Business and Mercantile. Group E Occupancies shall include: Division 1 - Gasoline filling and service stations; storage garage and boat storage structures where no work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids; Division 2 - Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load test than 100, printing plants, municipal police and fire stations, factories and workshops using materials not highly flammable or combustible, storage and sales room for combustible goods, and paint stores without bulk handling, and Division 3 -Aircraft hangars where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids; open parking garages and heliports.
(6) Group F - Industrial. Group F Occupancies shall include: Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, and creameries; factories and workshops using incombustible and nonexplosive materials; and storage and sales rooms of incombustible and non-explosive materials. (7) Group G - Storage and Hazardous. Group G Occupancies shall include: Division 1 - Storage and handling of hazardous and highly flammable or explosive materials other than flammable liquids; Division 2 - Storage and handling of flammable liquids; dry cleaning plants using flammable liquids; paint stores with bulk handling; paint shops and spray painting rooms, and shops; Division 3 - Wood working establishments, planning mills and box factories, shops factories where loose, combustible fibers or dust are manufactured, processed or generated; warehouses where highly combustible material is stored; Division 4 - Repair garages; and Division 5 - Aircraft repair hangars.
n (8) Group H - Assembly Other Than Group I. Group H Occupancies shall include: Division 1 - Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of less than 100 in the building; Division 2 - Any assembly building without a stage and having an occupant load of 300 or more in the building; Division 3 - Any assembly building without a stage and having an occupant load of less than 300 in the building, including such buildings used for school purposes less than eight hours per week; and Division 4 - Stadiums, reviewing stands, amusement park structures not included within Group I or Divisions 1, 2, and 3, Group H Occupancies.
n (9) Group I - Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More. Group I Occupancies shall be any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of 1000 or more in the building. (10) Group J - Accessory. Group J Occupancies shall include: Division 1 - Private garages, carports, sheds, and agricultural buildings; Division 2 - Fences over 1. 80 meters (6 feet) high, tanks, and towers.
n (b) Other subgroupings or divisions within Groups A to J may be determined by the Secretary. Any other occupancy not mentioned specifically in this Section, or about which there is any question, shall be included in the Group which its use most nearly resembles based on the existing or proposed life and fire hazard. (c) The Building Officials shall identify and indicate in the Certificate of Occupancy the appropriate classification to which a building or structure to be constructed belongs.
SECTION 3. 01. 02: Change in Use n (a) No change shall be made in the character of occupancies or use of any building which would place the building in a different division of the same group of occupancy or in a different group of occupancies, unless such buildings is made to comply with the requirements for such division or group of occupancy: Except, That the character of occupancy of existing buildings may be changed subject to the approval of the Building Official and the building may be occupied for purposes set forth in other Groups without conforming to all the requirements for those Groups, provided the new or proposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, than the existing use.
SECTION 3. 01. 03: Mixed Occupancy n (a) General. When a building is used for more than one occupancy purposes, each part of the building comprising a distinct "Occupancy" shall be separated from any other occupancy. When a building is used for more than one occupancy purpose, it shall be subject to the most restrictive requirements for the occupancies concerned: Except, - (1) When a one-story building houses more than one occupancy, each portion of the building shall conform to the requirements for the occupancy housed therein, and the area of the building shall be such that the sum of the actual areas divided by the allowable area for each separate occupancy shall not exceed one; and (2) Where minor accessory uses do not occupy more than 10 per cent of the area of any floor of a building, nor more than 10 per cent of the basis are permitted in the occupancy requirements. The major use of the building shall determine the occupancy classification provided the uses are separated in accordance with requirements for occupancy separation.
n (b) Forms of Occupancy Separation. Occupancy separations shall be vertical or horizontal or both, or when necessary, of such other form as may be required to afford a complete separation between the various occupancy divisions in the building. (c) Types of Occupancy Separation. Occupancy separations shall be classed as "One-Hour Fire. Resistive" "Two-Hour Fire-Resistive", "Three-Hour Fire-Resistive", and "Four-Hour Fire-Resistive".
n (1) A "One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separations" shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction. All openings in such a separations shall be protected a fire assembly having a one-hour fireresistive rating.
n (2) A "Two-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation" shall be of not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction. All openings in such separation shall be protected by a fire assembly having a one and onehalf-hour fire-resistive rating.
n (3) A "Three-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation" shall be of not less than three-hour fire-resistive construction. All openings in walls forming such separation shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three-hour fire-resistive rating. The total width of all openings in any three-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation wall in any one-story shall not exceed 25 per cent of the length of the wall in that story and no single opening shall have an area greater than 10. 00 square meters (107. 1 square feet). All openings in floors forming a "Three-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation" shall be protected by vertical enclosures extending above and below such openings. The walls of such vertical enclosures shall be of not less than ten -hours fire-resistive construction, and all openings therein shall be protected by a fire assembly having one and onehalf-hour fire-resistive rating.
n (4) A "Four-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation" shall have no openings therein and shall be of not less than four-hour fire-resistive construction.
n (d) Fire Ratings for Occupancy Separation. Occupancy separations shall be provided between various groups, subgroupings, or divisions of occupancies. The Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations for appropriate occupancy separations in buildings of mixed occupancy: Provided, That where any occupancy separation is required, the minimum shall be a "One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation"; and where the occupancy separation is horizontal, structural members supporting the separation shall be protected by equivalent fire-resistive construction.
SECTION 3. 01. 04: Location on Property n (a) General. Buildings shall adjoin or have access to a public space, yard, or street on not less than one side. Required yards shall be permanently maintained. For the purpose of this Section, the center line of an adjoining street or alley shall be considered an adjacent property line. Eaves over required windows shall be not less than 75 centimeters (30 inches) from the side and rear property lines.
n (b) Fire Resistance of Walls. Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and opening protection in accordance with requirements set by the Secretary. Projections beyond the exterior wall shall not extend beyond a point one-third the distance to the property line from an exterior wall; or a point one-third the distance from an assumed vertical plane located where fire-resistive protection of openings is first required due to location on property, whichever is the least restrictive. Distance shall be measured at right angles from the property line. When openings in exterior walls are required to be protected due to distance from property line, the sum of the area of such openings shall not exceed 50 per cent of the total area of the wall in each story.
n (c) Buildings on Same Property and Buildings Containing Courts. For the purpose of determining the required wall and opening protection, buildings on the same property and court walls shall be assumed to have a property line between them. When a new building is to be erected on the same property with an existing building, the assumed property line from the existing building shall be the distance to the property line for each occupancy as set forth by the Secretary: Provided, That two or more buildings on the same property may be considered as portions of one building of the aggregate area of such buildings is within the limits of allowable floor areas for a single building; and that when the buildings so considered house different occupancies or are of different types of construction, the area shall be that allowed for the most restricted occupancy or construction.
SECTION 3. 01. 05: Allowable Floor Areas n (a) Areas of One-Story Buildings and Building Over One Story. Allowable floor areas for one-story buildings and buildings over one story shall not exceed the limits determined in accordance with occupancy groups and types of construction.
n (b) Area Separation Walls. Each portion of a building separated by one or more area separation walls may be considered a separate building provided the area separation wall meet the requirements of this Code.
SECTION 3. 01. 06: Allowable Area Increases n (a) The floor area hereinabove provided may be increased in certain specific instances and under appropriate conditions, based on the existence of public space, streets, or yards extending along the adjoining two or more sides of the building or structure.
n SECTION 3. 01. 07: Maximum Height of Buildings and Increases (a) The maximum height and number of stories of every building shall be dependent upon the character of the occupancy and the type of construction, and shall not exceed the limits determined by population density, building bulk, widths of streets, and car parking requirements. The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface, provided that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall not exceed such maximum height by more than 3. 00 meters (10 feet): Except, That towers, spires, and steeples, erected as a part of a building and not used for habitation or storage, are limited as to height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or may extend not to exceed 6. 00 meters (19 feet, 8 inches) above the height limits for each occupancy group if of combustible materials.
n SECTION 3. 01. 08: Maximum Requirements for Group A Dwellings: One Two Stories (a) Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy. The dwelling shall occupy not more than 90 per cent of a corner lot and 80 per cent of an inside lot, and subject to the provisions on easements of light and view of the Civil Code of the Philippines, shall be at least 2. 00 meters (6 feet, inches) from the property line.
n (b) Light and Ventilation. Every dwelling shall be so constructed and arranged as to provide adequate light and ventilation. (1) Habitable rooms, bathrooms, toilet rooms and utility rooms shall have a height of not less than 2. 40 meters (8 feet), measured from floor to ceiling. (2) Rooms shall have a minimum size of 6. 00 square meters (65 square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 2. 00 meters (6 feet, 7 inches) for rooms of human habitations; 3. 00 square meters (32 feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 1. 50 meters (5 feet) for kitchens; and 1. 20 square meters (13 square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 90 centimeters (3 feet) for bathrooms. (3) Windows shall be at least 1/10 th of the floor area of the room.
n (c) Sanitation. Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one sanitary toilet and adequate washing and drainage facilities.
n (d) Foundation. Footing shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the load and dwelling and shall be at least 30 centimeters (1 foot) thick and 60 centimeters (2 feet) below the surface of the ground. Each post shall be anchored to such footings by straps and bolts of adequate size.
n (e) Post or Suportales. The dimensions of wooden post or suportales shall be those found in Table 3. 01 - A Dimension of Wooden Posts or Suportales (Annex B).
n (f) Floor. The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per square meter (40 pounds per square foot) and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per square meter (30 pounds per square foot). (g) Roof. The wind load for roofs shall be at least 150 kilograms per square meter (30 pounds per square foot). (h) Stairs may be 75 centimeters (30 inches) wide, with a rise of 20 centimeters (8 inches) and a run of 23 centimeters (9 inches). (i) Entrance and Exit. There shall be one entrance and one exit. (j) Electrical Outlets. There shall be at least one convenience outlet per 6. 00 meters (20 feet) of wall measured along the floor and one light outlet for every room. (k) Mechanical Requirements. Family dwellings not more than two stories shall be exempt from the requirements of the Mechanical Code. SECTION 3. 01. 09: Requirements for Group Occupancies (a) Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations for each occupancy group covering: allowable construction, height, and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation; enclosure of vertical openings; fire-extinguishing system; and special hazards.
n (f) Floor. The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per square meter (40 pounds per square foot) and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per square meter (30 pounds per square foot). (g) Roof. The wind load for roofs shall be at least 150 kilograms per square meter (30 pounds per square foot).
n (h) Stairs may be 75 centimeters (30 inches) wide, with a rise of 20 centimeters (8 inches) and a run of 23 centimeters (9 inches). (i) Entrance and Exit. There shall be one entrance and one exit.
n (j) Electrical Outlets. There shall be at least one convenience outlet per 6. 00 meters (20 feet) of wall measured along the floor and one light outlet for every room. (k) Mechanical Requirements. Family dwellings not more than two stories shall be exempt from the requirements of the Mechanical Code.
SECTION 3. 01. 09: Requirements for Group Occupancies n (a) Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations for each occupancy group covering: allowable construction, height, and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation; enclosure of vertical openings; fire-extinguishing system; and special hazards.
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