PRIDEVI Vrsta reči koja opisuje ili

PRIDEVI

Vrsta reči koja opisuje ili određuje imenice ili zamenice Black shoes A fine day My room This bed She’s nice All this Everything new

Dele se na: Opisne (descriptive) Prisvojne (possesive) Pokazne (demonstrative) Upitne (interrogative) Odnosne (relative) Neodređene (indefinite) Usklične (exclamatory) Brojeve (numerals)

Mnogi od ovih prideva imaju iste oblike kao i zamenice – pridevske zamenice Uz imenicu = pridevi Samostalno = zamenice What book were you talking about? (pridev) What do you know about this man? (zamenica) All my notes are here. (pridev) Is this all you know about him? (zamenica)

Opisuju imenice ili zamenice – kakve su, od čega i u kakvom stanju Ne menjaju se po rodu i broju: A nice girl a nice boy nice people Mogu se porediti: A good job a better job the best job Mogu biti prosti, izvedeni i složeni: Good, bad, wet; beautiful, golden, rainy; wellknown, short-sighted, good-hearted

Izvedeni od drugih vrsta reči dodavanjem sufiksa, kao što su: -able, dodaje se na glagol: laughable, eatable, fashionable -al, dodaje se na imenicu: cultural, national, natural -ible, dodaje se rečima latinskog porekla: responsible, visible, possible -an, dodaje se ličnim imenicama: Elizabethan, Shakespearean

-ed, dodaje se imenicama: talented, warmbloooded, good-natured -en, dodaje se gradivnim imenicama: golden, wooden, waxen -ese, dodaje se imenima zemalja, oblasti i gradova: Japanese, Viennese -fold, dodaje se prostim brojevima i reči many: tenfold, twofold, manifold -ful, dodaje se imenicama: beautiful, careful, hopeful

-ian, dodaje se ličnim imenicama: Edwardian, Parisian -ic, dodaje se prezimenima, imenima zemalja, rečima stranog porekla: poetic, artistic, Icelandic, systematic -ish, dodaje se imenicama i pridevima: British, Turkish, foolish, childish, reddish -ive, dodaje se imenicama: descriptive, possessive -like, dodaje se imenicama: childlike, catlike

-ly, dodaje se imenicama: lovely, friendly -ous, dodaje se imenicama: dangerous, courageous, mountainous -some, dodaje se imenicama i glagolima: handsome, troublesome, tiresome -y, dodaje se imenicama i glagolima: rainy, sunny, stony, sticky -less, dodaje se imenicama i glagolima, jedini sufiks s negativnim značenjem: careless, hopeless, endless

Daju pridevima negativno, tj. suprotno značenje: Un-: unselfish, unimportant, unfreindly Dis-: dishonest, disagreeable In-: inexpensive, inadequate Im-: impossible, impolite Il-: illegal, illegible Ir-: irregular, irresponsible

Uz imenicu (ispred imenice): a small house, a beautiful garden Kao imenski deo predikata: The house is small; the water feels cold; the cake tastes good Kao dodatak objektu: They painted the house red. The fire kept us warm. They broke the door open.

Ispred imenice na koju se odnosi: a tall man, heavy books, a lovely girl Neki pridevi ne mogu da stoje ispred imenice, vec se upotrebljavaju kao imenski deo predikata: afraid, alive, asleep, ill The children were afraid. The monster was still alive. The boy is asleep. John is ill.

Ako je pridev dodatak objektu, onda stoji posle njega: I found the room empty. Did she dye her hair black? U nekim posebnim imeničkim frazama, pridev ide posle imenice: Court martial (vojni sud) Secretary General (generalni sekretar)

Imenica, grupa imenica, prilog, grupa reči mogu da se koriste kao pridev: A stone wall A summer hat Independence day celebration The nine-o’clock news A middle-aged man The most talked-of book of the year

Od gradivnih imenica koje se upotrebljavaju pridevski mogu se graditi pravi pridevi: Stone – stony Gold – golden Silver – silvery Kad se upotrebljavaju u svom imeničkom obliku, ove reči označavaju od čega je nešto sačinjeno, a u pridevskom imaju preneseno značenje: A gold mine – a golden age

Tri oblika: 1. pozitiv (osnovni) 2. komparativ 3. superlativ Dva načina poređenja: A)dodavanjem pozitivu nastavka –er za komparativ , a –est za superlativ B)stavljanjem reči “more” ispred pozitiva za komparativ, a “most” za superlativ

Većina jednosložnih prideva i veliki broj dvosložnih prideva porede se dodavanjem pozitivu nastavaka –er, -est: Short – shorter – shortest Broad – broader – broadest Clever – cleverest Happy – happier – happiest

Ispred nastavaka –er i –est, pridevi: a)gube krajnje nemo “e”: Large – larger – largest b) menjaju Y u I ako mu prethodi suglasnik: Happy – happier – happiest Dry – drier – driest c) udvajaju krajnji suglasnik ako mu prethodi ssamoglasnik: Big – bigger - biggest

Dvosložni pridevi kao što su: clever, able, lazy, narrow, porede se dodavanjem nastavaka: Clever – cleverest Kao i pridevi: Polite – politer – politest Intense – intenser – intensest Neki dvosložni pridevi, koji se završavaju na – ish, ive, ic, porede se pomoću reči more i most: Childish – more childish – most childish

Većina trosložnih i višesložnih prideva porede se pomoću ‘more’ i ‘most’: Interesting Beautiful Intelligent Responsible Neki pridevi mogu da se porede na oba načina: clever, cruel, friendly, handsome, frank

Bad – worse – worst Far – farthest Far – furthest (additional) Good – better – best Little – less – least Much/many – more – most Old – older – oldest Old – elder – eldest (family)

1. Osobina u većem stepenu od pozitiva (comparative of inferiority) Sledi ‘than’ He is taller than his brother. 2. Osobina u manjem stepenu od pozitiva (comparative of inferiority). ‘Less’ + pozitiv He is less amusing than his friend. 3. Poređenje po jednakosti (comparative of equality) ‘as. . . as’ She is as tall as her mother.

Poređenje po nejednakosti (comparative of inequality): ‘not so. . . as’ ili ‘not as. . . as’ Some snakes are not so dangerous as others. She is not as weak as she seems.

1. Osobina u najvišem stepenu (superlative of superiority): određeni član That was the hottest day of the year. 2. Osobina u najmanjem stepenu (comparative of inferiority): ‘the least’ This is the least interesting of all his novels.

Osnovni (Cardinal Numbers) Redni (Ordinal Numbers) Stoje uz imenice Redni brojevi se grade kad se na osnovne brojeve doda nastavak –th, osim One – first Two – second Three – third Koriste se za datume (May 1 st), brojeve poglavlja, itd.