Presented by Eric Allain Assistant professor at

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Presented by Eric Allain – Assistant professor at Alalachian university http: //vimeo. com/2993351 Presented by Prof. S. Dasgupta, Dept of Chemistry, IIT Kharagpur Institute of Technology at Kharagpur, India http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=iu. W 3 nk 5 EADg http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ae. C 7 M 9 PDj. Qw&feature=channel

New polarimeters – usually connected to computer and printer

Chair and boat conformations of a pyranose sugar

examples of deoxysugars

Several sugar esters important in metabolism

Isomaltose (alpha 1, 6) Laminaribiose (beta 1, 3) Cellobiose (beta 1, 4) Gentiobiose (beta 1, 6)

Cellobiose consists of 2 molecules of glucose linked by a beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond It is usually obtained by the partial hydrolysis of cellulose

Trehalose is a disaccharide that occurs naturally in insects, plants, fungi, and bacteria. The major dietary source is mushrooms. Trehalose is used in bakery goods, beverages, confectionery, fruit jam, breakfast cereals, rice, and noodles as a texturizer, stabilizer, humectant, or formulation aid with a low sweetening intensity

(in cellulose)

Structure of cellulose Chains are arranged in a parallel pattern

Jerusalem artichokes

Teichoic acids are covalently linked to the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria. These polymers of glycerol phosphate (a and b) or ribitol phosphate (c) are linked by phosphodiester bonds

appears to occur in the Golgi

Involves dolichol, a polyprenoid carrier molecule in the ER lumen of the cell

Proteoglycans are a family of glycoproteins whose carbohydrate moieties are predominantly glycosaminoglycans structures are quite diverse as are sizes examples: versican, serglycin, decorin, syndecan Functions: - modulate cell growth processes - provide flexibility and resiliency to cartilage

Heparin is a carbohydrate with anticoagulant properties. It is used in blood banks to prevent clotting and in the prevention of blood clots in patients recovering from serious injury or surgery Numerous derivatives of heparin have been made (LMWH: enoxaparin (Lovenox), dalteparin (Fragmin), tinzaparin (Innohep), fondaparinux