Presentation Prepared by: Alseit Aidana Group: ChT-14-1ka1 Checked

Presentation Prepared by: Alseit Aidana Group: ChT-14-1ka1 Checked by: Shyngysbaeva Zh Shymkent, 2017y Solid waste treatment and disposal MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN SOUTH-KAZAKHSTAN STATE UNIVERSITY named after M. AUEZOV

1. Solid wastes and their types 3. Қалдықтарды жою шаралары 2. Methods of their processing Plan: 3. Waste Management

Solid wastes Solid or semisolid, nonsoluble material (including gases and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse, demolition waste, industrial waste, mining residues, municipal garbage, and sewage sludge.

Mechanical processing of solid wastes For chemical burners, but not for industrial waste, two types of mechanical treatment are used: crushing and grinding (pressing). It concerns organic and inorganic waste. After crushing, fractionation may be, it can be converted into waste products. Solid materials can be shipped to the required volume, such as shrinkage, shaving, sharpening, cutting, wrapping.

Disassembly and grinding Allocates the separation and grinding to dry and damp. Solid waste is used for mineral removal and grinding machines. The disassembly and crushing process is carried out by means of machines called crusher or melnica. The main types of crushing solid waste are divided into the following classes: crushing, spinning and other agglomerates by crushing and crushing, crushing grinder, flat roller crusher, flat roller crusher, roller ring, vertical, horizontal, and mattress in the garden; crushers with impact effect, bulk excimers, disintegrators, drums; - vapor and colloidal agitators, vibratory reactors; other excavators; punches, bees. For decomposition, the cone with rolling principle, roller excavators and blowing agitators (rolling, rotary, disintegrator) are used

Type of force used for crushing

Crushers Crushers are machines used for crushing ore concentrators.

Two-sided and cone chopper Figure 1. The method of the three-layer crushers: Stage 1; 2-moving jaw; 3-axis centrifugal shaft; 4th roof; 5th front plate; 6 rear plate; Drive 7; Spring 8; 9 Adjustment Tests.

Roller and roller crusher

Thermal treatment of solid waste There are three methods of thermal deactivation and utilization of solid wastes: laying of pre-prepared wastes in residual-combustion compressors; burning of pre-prepared wastes (released from ballast fractions) with natural fuel in layers of energy or in cement furnaces or of cells; pyrolysis of waste, whether or not pre-prepared. Despite the complexity of the solid household waste, it can be regarded as a fuel dumper (1000-1200 Gcal of heat per year). Thermal treatment of waste does not only neutralize them, but also helps to extract thermal energy from it and to remove metal scrap from it

Pyrolysis method The pyrolysis is a promising method for the treatment of solid household waste as compared with burning waste. This process dramatically reduces the harmful effects of solid household waste on the environment and provides access to products such as gas, oils, resins and so on. With Pyrolysis, waste can be recycled, for example, plastics, oils and tinctures. After pyrolysis there are no biologically active substances, so burial of pyrolysis residues is not harmful to the environment. Due to the high ash density, the amount of residual waste also decreases dramatically. There is no oxidation of heavy metals during pyrolysis. One of the advantages of pyrolysis is the simplicity of storage and transportation of received products, as well as the installation.

Chemical treatment of solid wastes Chemical treatment - solid waste treatment with chemical reagents Chemical technology can be obtained from solid wastes. Chemical methods of solid wastes include alkaline, defrost, crystallization of recyclable substance.

Key Waste Disposal considerations are the major environmental and human health hazards:

References 1) K.T. Zhantasov., U.K. Bishimbaev, Sh. Moldabekov., MK Zhantasov., Fundamentals of design and equipment of factories. - Almaty, 2006, 272b. 2) NMOmarova. Lectures of discipline "Waste technology" for students. - Semey city: Semipalatinsk State University named after Shakarim, 2013.-45 pages.