Prepared by 2 nd course student of 201

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Prepared by: 2 nd course student of 201 group Faculty of Public Health

I. Introduction II. The main part Kazakhstan history: Ancient times III. Conclusion

I. Introduction • In 1991, new country - the Republic of Kazakhstan - appeared on the geopolitical map of the world. Kazakhstan has a multi-millennia history and culture. One of the central question is the origin of it's native people, Kazakhs, and the development of their statehood, culture, traditions, and relations with other civilisations. If written sourses are examined, it can be concluded that the Kazakh statehood was completely formed by 1470 when sultans Janibek and Girey organised numerous tribes in the south -eastern areas and combined them into a single 'Kazakh' tribe.

II. The main part • Kazakhstan history: Ancient times Kazakhstan history tells us that even before our era numerous nomadic tribes inhabited what is now Kazakhstan. The historians of antiquity called them the Saka. For many centuries the land of the Saka was the scene of bloody, devastating wars. And many conquerors had encroached on that land.

The territory of Kazakhstan came to be mastered by man nearly a million years ago. As early as the age of the Lower Paleolithic, ancient man settled down on these Karatau lands fit for normal life, rich with game and wild fruit. It is here that they have found ancient settlements from the Stone Age. By and by, in the centuries of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, man came to master Central and Eastern Kazakhstan and the Mangyshlak area.

Kazakhstan history - The Golden Horde influence map

In the 7 th century B. C. , lightning quick detachments of steppe knights from mountain and steppe Eurasian areas, primarily from Kazakhstan, crossed the Caucasus ridge and invaded the Front Asia, devastating towns, palaces and temples.

In 1218, Mongol-Tatar hordes led by Genghiz Khan invaded Kazakhstan. They swept over the Kazakh land with fire and sword. As a result of those aggressive campaigns Kazakhstan, like the entire Central Asian region, was incorporated in the vast empire of the Mongols known in world history as the Golden Horde. However, the Golden Horde turned out to be an unstable state. Undermined by internecine wars between the feudal lords and the liberation straggle of the conquered peoples, it eventually disintegrated into separate tribal alliances.

As early as the Bronze Age, some four millennia ago, the territory of Kazakhstan was inhabited by tribes of the socalled Andron and Begazy. Dandybay culture. They were engaged in farming and cattlebreeding, and were fine warriors who handled combat chariots marvelously.

An ancient Turkic source glorifying the famous warrior Kul-Tegin who belonged to the royal family, said about the beginning of the new age in the great steppe: "When the blue sky above and the brown earth below were created, then the human race was created. My ancestors Bumyn-kagan and Istemi-kagan reigned the human race. Having started their reign, they protected the state and established the laws of the Turkic people". The empire of ancient Turks stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Black sea.

In the 6 th century to the beginning of the 8 th century, the time of the Great Mongols' invasion, several states existed in the region successively replacing one another: the Western-Turkic, Tyurgesh and Karluk kaganates, and the states of the Oguzes, Karakhanids, Kimaks, and Kypchaks. After the invasion in the early 8 th century, Uluses of the Mongol empire formed - Dzhuchi and Dzhagataya, which gave birth to the Ak-Horde and later to the Kazakh khanate itself.

III. Conclusion • Today, the ancient land of Kazakhs is in the period of recreation and development of its statehood, economy, and culture. The country is striving for an estimable place in the international community.

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