Precision spectroscopy in the charmonium mass region using

Precision spectroscopy in the charmonium mass region using antiproton annihilation PANDA at FAIR J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Goal • In the next 1 -2 years PANDA should prepare a physics book that details specific observables and background, provides detailed simulations of the sensitivity to the physics parameters J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Main Physics Issues at PANDA • Confinement – Charmonium (see talk of Diego Bettoni) – Existence of exotic hadrons ( ) • Properties of hadrons – – – Hadronic mass, charm in matter (A. Gillitzer) EM coupling, DY, hard processes etc. (Michael Düren) Spectroscopy of charmed baryons ( ) New D-Meson states New baryon states “at the end of the alphabet” • Strange Baryons in strong fields (J. Pochodzalla) J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Precision Spectroscopy • High statistical precision • High mass resolution – Crystal Ball: typical resolution ~ 10 Me. V – Fermilab: 240 ke. V p/p < 10 -4 needed J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Confinement on the Lattice G. Bali et al. , -lat/0003012 hep q Distance between Quarks [fm] J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) q

Quark-Antiquark Binding Charmonium Physics Mcc [Ge. V/c 2] Peculiar ψ(4040) 8. 0 ψ(33 S 4. 0 ηc(31 S 0) 3. 9 DD* 1) h 1 c χc 2(23 P 2) (21 P 3. 8 Terra incognita for 2 P and 1 D-States ηc’ - ψ(2 S) splitting h 1 c – unconfirmed 3. 6 ψ(11 D 2) 7. 1 ψ(13 D 1) 6. 3 ηc(21 S 0) χc 2(13 P 2) 3. 5 3. 4 5. 5 h 1 c(11 P 1) χc 1(13 P 1) χc 0(13 P 0) 3. 3 4. 8 3. 2 Spin dependence of potential 3. 1 LQCD NRQCD ηc – inconsistencies ψ(13 D 3) ψ(13 D 2) DD ψ(23 S 1) 3. 7 χc 1(23 P 1) 1) χc 0(23 P 0) D*D* J/ψ(13 S 1) 3. 0 2. 9 ηc(11 S 0) … Exclusive Channels Helicity violation 4. 1 G-Parity violation Higher Fock state contributions J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) + JP=0+ 11 3. 4 (0, 1, 2)+ 2 - (1, 2, 3)- pp [Ge. V/c] Open questions …

“Exotic” Hadrons • Quarkmodels usually account for qq states • Other color neutral configurations with same quantum numbers can (and will mix) • Decoupling only possible for – narrow states – vanishing leading qq term J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Hadronic Molecules: Example f 0 • Breit-Wigner will be distorted near thresholds. (Haidenbauer, Hanhart, Kalishnikova, . . . ) • Flatte J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Charmed Hybrids • LQCD: V(R)/Ge. V – gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states – S-potential for one-gluon exchange – P-potential P 4 ψ‘ 3. 5 from excited gluon flux – m. Hcc ~ 4. 2 -4. 5 Ge. V/c 2 • Hcc 3 DD S χc R/r 0 J/ψ Light charmed hybrids could be narrow if open charm decays are inaccessible or suppressed J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) 1 2

Charm Hybrids distance between quarks Ground state has spin exotic quantum numbers J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Glueballs Self interaction between gluons g g g Construction of color-neutral hadrons with gluons possible exotic glueballs don‘t mix with mesons (qq) 0 --, 0+-, 1 -+, 2+-, 3 -+, . . . J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) C. Morningstar PRD 60, 034509 (1999)

Recently Discovered Hadrons J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Combinatorial DS*+ g DS*+(2112) New State in Two Ds+ Modes Ds. J*(2317)+ Ds+π0 Ds + K + K –π + 1267 53 Events in peak M = 2316. 8 0. 4 Me. V/c 2 s = 8. 6 0. 5 Me. V/c 2 Resolution from MC is s= BABAR 8. 9 0. 2 Me. V/c 2 Ds. J*(2317)+ Ds+π0 Ds + K + K –π + π 0 273 33 Events in peak M = 2317. 6 1. 3 Me. V/c 2 s = 8. 8 1. 1 Me. V/c 2 BABAR Babar, Aubert et al. , PRL 90(2003)242001 J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Search for a Ds+π0γ State Signal + Sideband Difference N = 140 ± 22 BABAR Ds* Sideband [Ge. V/c 2] m(K+K-π+π0γ)- m(K+K-π+γ) ΔM = 344. 6 ± 1. 2 Me. V/c 2 M = 2456. 5 ± 1. 4 Me. V/c 2 Babar, Preliminary, PRD, Journal Draft J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Recent Open Charm Discoveries The DS± Spectrum • |cs> + c. c. • was not expected to reveal any surprises m [Ge. V/c 2] • Ds 1 Ds 2* D*K Ds. J Potential model (2458) Old measurements Ds* New observations D 0 K Ds. J* (2317) Ds • Are these molecules? 0 - 1 - 0+ JP J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) 1+ 2+ 3 -

Hadrons in Nuclear Matter • Hadronic mass arises from interaction with the vacuum, expect changes to the spectral function in nuclear matter. M. Lutz, C. Korpa, PLB 633 (2006) 43 J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

The HESR in the FAIR Topology • • • P-Linac SIS 18 SIS 100 (30 Ge. V) PBar production Target RESR/CR HESR J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Basic Data • Circumference 574 m (space included for PAX extension) • Momentum: 1. 5 to 15 Ge. V/c • HESR as synchrotron • Injection of (anti-)protons from RESR at 3. 8 Ge. V/c • Acceleration rate 0. 1 Ge. V/c/s • Electron cooling up to 8. 9 Ge. V/c • Stochastic cooling above 3. 8 Ge. V/c J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Electron Cooling : HR-Mode @ p = 8. 9 Ge. V/c red: horizontal blue: vertical • Electron cooling and target ON • Equilibrium dominated by IBS Final rms-momentum spread with target and IBS : 3. 0 x 10 -5 At 3. 8 Ge. V/c 4 x 10 -5 J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) cooling OFF

Stochastic Cooling: HL-Mode @ p = 3. 8 Ge. V/c Transverse and longitudinal stochastic cooling red: horizontal blue: vertical rms-emittances Including IBS+Target rms relative momentum spread Final rms-momentum spread: 1. 5 x 10 -4 J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Example: Stochastic Cooling at 4. 8 Ge. V/c HR- Mode • Final rms-momentum spread in the High Resolution Mode above 3 Ge. V: 4 x 10 -5 in about 100 s. • Only longitudinal cooling: Initial emittance will increase from 0. 08 mm mrad to 8 mm mrad within one hour due to target-beam interaction. J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Measuring Area J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

The PANDA Detector m 12 5 m J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

WASA Pellet Target at COSY • Photo from test stand, now in the COSY ring • Operational, optimization proceeding • Beam on target in Sept. J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Summary • Strong QCD: many interesting open questions related to – Confinement – Hadron (spin) structure • High rates with antiproton beams – Charm quark mass range J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) PANDA/HESR

J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Outline • Strong QCD • Confinement – Potential – Types of hadrons • (Broken) Symmetries in Hadronic Systems (c. SB) • Planned experiments with PANDA at FAIR J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Strong QCD • • a. EM=1/137 increases by ~ 2. 7% between E=0 and MZ a. S rises dramatically to ~ 1 for distances of about 1 fm Strong QCD - Perturbation theory fails - New Phenomena appear - Confinement - Hadronic mass generation J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Charmonium – the Positronium of QCD • Charmonium • Positronium Mass [Me. V] Binding energy [me. V] 0 4100 Ionisations energy 3 1 S 0 3 3 S 1 2 S 0 2 S 1 -1000 1 3 3 1 D 2 23 P 1 23 P 0 2 1 P 1 33 D 2 33 D 1 33 D 2 ~ 600 me. V P 2(~ 3940) 3 3900 D 3 (~ 3800) 3 P 1(~ 3880) 3 y ¢¢ (3770) P 0(~ 3800) 3 D 1 D 2 1 3 y ¢ (3686) 3700 h c(3525) 3500 D 2 3 Threshold h¢ c(3590) 10 -4 e. V -3000 y ¢¢¢(4040) c 2(3556) c 1(3510) c 0(3415) -5000 11 S 0 -7000 1 3 S 1 3300 8· 10 -4 e. V e+ 0. 1 nm e- 3100 y (3097) hc(2980) 2900 J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) C 1 fm C

The Spin-Dependent Potential spin-orbit (fine structure) spin-spin (hyperfine structure) tensor VS and VV are the scalar and vector components of the non-relativistic potential J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Why Antiprotons? • e+e- annihilation via virtual photon: to 1 st order only states with Jpc = 1 - • In pp annihilation all mesons can be formed • Resolution of the mass and width is only limited by the beam momentum resolution Resonance cross section Measured rate Beam J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB) CM Energy

Central Tracking Detectors • Straw-Tubes (or TPC…) • MVD J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Micro Vertex Detectors Needed for D meson identification (ct ~ 100, 300 mm) FZJ (IKP+ZEL+ZAT) is taking on the following activities: • System design Together with Dresden • Simulations • Readout chain • Prototype testing • Services J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Central Tracker Straw-Tubes alternative: TPC with GEM readout Building on in-house expertise (TOF, WASA) IKP is taking on: • Design - low mass (full system ~1%X 0), self supporting - longitudinal coordinate: skewed double-layers, or time dependent charge division • Simulation • Prototyping J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)

Prototype Development Single Tube, Fe Source z-Resolution ~ 8 mm Two tubes, Sr Source z-Resolution ~ 35 mm J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)