Pre Class n List 5 things that you

Pre Class n. List 5 things that you know (or think you know) about the religion of Islam, Islamic culture and history.

Arab? Islam? Muslim? Islamic? Arab – someone who speaks Arabic n Islam – the faith founded by Muhammad n Muslim – someone who practices the religion of Islam n Islamic – describing an object (ie. Islamic country, Islamic calendar, Islamic law) n

The Arab World

Islam - religion started by Muhammad and his teachings/revelations from Allah n. Means “submission” –people must throw themselves upon the mercy of God (submit) in order to be saved n“Muslim” – people who practice the religion of Islam

Arabia Before Muhammad n n Bedouin tribes – nomadic animal herders – Worshipped pagan gods – Constantly at war (scarcity of water, resources) Mecca – Popular because of the Kaaba (tribes worshipped pagan gods) – Prosperous – Kaaba made it a center of trade

Muhammad n born in Mecca 570 A. D. (Arabian Peninsula) n “revelation” from God in a cave n set out to preach the idea of MONOTHEISM (one God) and social justice

Why didn’t Arabs like Muhammad's message? n Threatened their gods/way of life – monotheism, non-violence n Threatened their power and wealth – Kaaba brought trade and prosperity – Rich had to give to poor

622 -The Hijra n Muhammad forced out of Mecca and went to Yathrib (Medina - city of the prophet) n began the religion of Islam in Medina n Year 1 on Muslim calendar

Prophet’s Mosque-Medina

630 Muhammad returns to Mecca n Battle of Badr n captures the city of Mecca n Died in 632

Why does Islam spread? Social justice message – non-violence, equality n Strength of Muhammad’s forces n – New power in Arabia – People converted to Islam

Kaaba Before Muhammad: After Muhammad: “black stone” worshipped, along with pagan gods • • • re-dedicated to one God (Allah) 1 st mosque (Muslim house of worship) Sight of the hajj

Islam Splits – Writing assignment n Using SEVEN of the vocab terms that you defined for homework, write a paragraph that responds to the following questions: - What are the major differences between Shiite and Sunni Muslims? - Which difference, do you think, is the most significant? Why? YOU MUST UNDERLINE EACH WORD n THIS WILL BE GRADED! n

Pre Class Which difference between Sunnis and Shiites do you believe is the most significant? Why?

Islam: After Muhammad's Death AD 632 – Muhammad dies n Abu Bakr takes over as caliph (successor to the prophet; political leader of Islam) n AD 661 – Ali, the 4 th caliph (relative of Muhammad) is murdered n Dispute over who will be the next successor erupts!!! n

Sunnis/Shiites: SIMILARITIES n Monotheistic (believe in one God = Allah) n Muhammad = prophet n Koran – unchanging EXACT word of God n Hadith/Sunnah n Sharia (Islamic law) n Worship in mosques n Mecca = holy city n 5 Pillars = responsibilities as Muslims

Islam Splits SHIISM SUNNISM n Traditional Islam n Any devout Muslim can be caliph Emphasis on Koran, Hadith and Sunnah Scholars interpret Koran Don’t recognize imams/ayatollahs No clergymen 85 -90% n n n “Ali’s Party” Caliph must be direct descendant of Muhammad Believe Muhammad chose first imam (Ali) Imam – leader – interprets Koran/Hadith Ayatollahs issue decrees on Islamic law 10 -15%

Muhammad’s Teachings § Allah was the one and only God and all should submit and be thankful to Him § All believers in Allah were equal under Him (SOCIAL JUSTICE) § rich should share wealth with the poor § Allah knows people’s destiny, but they should strive to live good lives

n Christians and Jews “people of the book” n required to treat them with tolerance

Five Pillars of Islam n Faith n Daily prayer n Almsgiving n Fast n Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

Testament of Faith n There is ONE God, Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet

Daily Prayer n Pray five times a day n facing Mecca n In Arabic

Almsgiving n Charity to the poor and aged n 2. 5% of possessions

Fast n during the month of Ramadan n NO food – sunrise to sunset n Refrain from violence, harsh language, gossip, etc.

Dates – used to break fasts by many Muslims (Kuwait)

Kabba Hajj An American Muslim n “pilgrimage” to Mecca n All Muslims who are able must make the journey Stoning

The Koran n Sacred book n Muhammad’s miracle n God’s final message to his people n Final authority for Muslims, on: religion, politics, law, economic, and social life n Islamic Law – Sharia

Pre Class Look at your Christianity/Judaism/Islam chart n Identify 5 similarities between these three major religions n

How have religions spread? ?

Elements of Islamic Life n Dietary Laws (Halal) - no pork, alcohol (article) n Honor Parents n Women cannot wear clothes that bring attention to their body n Traditional colors of the prophet = green and white

Traditional Clothing n men = taqiyah (Hadith) n Women = Hijab/veiling According to the Hadith, "My Lord agreed with me ('Umar) in three things. . . (2) And as regards the veiling of women, I said 'O Allah's Apostle! I wish you ordered your wives to cover themselves from the men because good and bad ones talk to them. ' So the verse of the veiling of the women was revealled" (Bukhari, v 1, bk 8, sunnah 395). (http: //www. english. emory. edu/Bah ri/Veil. html)

Islam’s Zenith

Expansion of Islam Spread beliefs and gain riches n Arab armies launched Jihad (holy war) – To defend Islam – “Struggle within” n 732 Arabs conquer empire from Indus river, to Atlantic Ocean n Tolerance/ taxes on non-believers n