Practices of Modern Engineering Lecture 24 About Innovation

Practices of Modern Engineering Lecture 24 About Innovation & Closure April 28, 2011 Luis San Andres Mast-Childs Tribology Professor Texas A&M University http: //rotorlab. tamu. edu/me 489 1

Innovation is the application of invention Inspiration is fine, but above all, innovation is really a management process. The process of innovation begins with invention, and is only realized when a market develops. 2. “The Innovation Economy, ” Business Week 75 th Anniversary Issue, October 11, 2004 2

Technology path Performance measurement Mature technology reaches limit Initial Deployment -Fast changes ~exponential growth All technologies (innovations) evolve to satisfy a need. At the start, performance growth rate is fast. However, as time passes, the technology matures to reach its limit. The more mature the technology, the more resources to enable gains in performance unless…. . Time 3

Moore‘s Law 1965: Transistor density on ICs doubles every two years Performance measurement Time http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Transistor_Count_and_Moore%27 s_Law_-_2008. svg 4

Moore‘s Law Hard Drive Capacity Performance measurement Time http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Hard_drive_capacity_over_time. svg 5

Technology shifts Performance measurement C Paradigm shifts B A Moore’s Law is too simple. In reality, leaps in performance demand paradigm shifts B replaces A C replaces B, etc Time 6

Technology shifts: hard drives Performance measurement D: Molecular (nano) storage C: Solid State storage B: HD storage (speed, track spacing, drums, head height) A: tape storage Time 7

Technology shifts: aircraft engines Performance measurement D: ramjets C: High fan bypass engines B: Jet gas turbine engines A: reciprocating IC engines Time 8

Types of Innovations (technologies) Sustaining technologies improve marginally existing products or services (quality of CDs, storage in HDs, IC engine cars), They require gradual change and retain Status Quo. Disruptive technologies completely change the nature of a market or business (i. Pod, mobile phones, digital photography and sound, solid state memory, on-line retailing) The Innovator’s Dilemma & The Innovator’s Solution Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009 9

Sustained Innovation • Makes better products that can be sold for more money to attractive customers - optimization • Addresses to specific customer needs • Incumbents almost always prevail: more resources, bigger profits • Examples: PDAs, Cell phones, Cars, Engines, Power generation Innovator’s Dilemma Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009 10

Disruptive Innovation • Simpler, more convenient product that sells for less money and appeals to new or unattractive customers • Entrants likely to beat incumbents. Cost structure low enough to make profit on discount prices • Ex: Ikea, Dell, Embraer Airplanes Innovator’s Dilemma It comes from listening to your customers – not what they say, but about what they do Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS http: //my. asme. org/Videos/Entrepreneurship_Innovation. cfm 11

Dilemma for corporations Big breakthroughs or steady optimization? whether to go for the big bang change or whether to shuffle along with business more or less as usual. For a while in the 1990 s the slow shuffle was in favor, backed by concepts such as kaizen, the Japanese idea of gradual improvement, and business process re-engineering. But by the late 1990 s, along with a disruptive innovation called the internet, a certain impatience had crept in. Innovator’s Dilemma Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009 12

Dilemma: Sustained or disruptive? Companies cannot miss the next big bang and look for “breakthrough opportunities, ” opportunities to leapfrog ahead of opponents. The best way for big organizations to harness the potential of disruptive innovations is to set up (or buy) separate “spin-off organizations” that behave as if they are small and buzzy. Such spin-offs, however, need to have a very different culture from their parents: targeting small markets (first) and having a much higher tolerance of failure. Innovator’s Dilemma Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009 13

Innovation is risk Experience shows that the ability to sell ideas is the critical factor in enabling technical people, indeed anyone, to “make a difference. ” Innovation involves new ideas and requires change. Change is risky. However it may be riskier NOT to change. (Change or perish!) PRISM, 2002, Selling Innovation Ronald J. Bennett, Ph. D. Engineering and Technology Management University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 14

Selling Innovation Why it is necessary to “sell” innovation: 1. There is nothing that cannot be done or made better. 2. No new discovery or idea (invention) has value to others until it is applied (innovation). 3. Every new idea meets resistance. 4. People buy for their reasons, not yours. 5. It is an obligation of leadership to take others where they wouldn’t go by themselves. 6. It is goal of lifelong learning to become consciously competent at whatever we do. 7. To be effective and to get support from others, technical professionals need to be able to “sell” their ideas in terms that resonate with their buyers. PRISM, 2002, Selling Innovation Ronald J. Bennett, Ph. D. Engineering and Technology Management University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 15

Innovation is ‘the intersection of invention and insight, leading to the creation of social & economic value. ’ Innovation is a national priority, central to economic growth in an increasingly fastpaced, + competitive, and global environment Innovation (1) can be taught, (2) can be managed, and (3) can be stimulated. 1. National Innovation Initiative Final Report (2004): http: //www. compete. org 16

Creativity is an indispensable quality for engineering! Invention is the beginning……. . American engineering schools must play to the strengths of our system in the new global economy. American engineers lead the world in two fundamental ways: innovation and the ability to recognize and improve systems. While India may be good at writing specific computer code, Germany excels at precision, and Japan at continuous improvement, American engineers excel at creativity, “About the time we begin to lose jobs overseas, we change the game, and it makes the argument irrelevant, ” INNOVATIVE The business of being creative is fundamental to our long-term economic health. This creativity needs to be nurtured, needs to be INNOVATION emphasized, needs to be measured. 17 NAEP: The Engineer of 2020

The 3 -corners of Eng Vision 2020 Superb Engineering (Maths, Physics, Science) Arts Creativity & Innovation, Design, Communication Entrepreneurship, Philanthropy, Ethics 18 NAEP: Educating the Engineer of 2020

Focus Design Centered Education How to teach/learn innovation: Foundation Specialization Realization Design Centered & Project oriented education with firm and realizable deliverables. Foundation: mastering Coursework Projects Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 and applying fundamentals in substantial eng projects Specialization: develop &apply knowledge in depthchose fields Realization: tackle problems similar to professional practice. Industry sponsoredcollaborative 19 NAEP: Educating the Engineer of 2020

Resources http: //www. compete. org Innovation is a national priority, central to economic growth in an increasingly fast-paced, + competitive, and global environment Compete. org Council on competitiveness: CEOs, University presidents and labor leaders working to ensure U. S. prosperity Numerous publications (free of charge) on innovation, technology, strategies, etc 20

Watch me http: //my. asme. org/Videos/Entrepreneurship_Innovation. cfm 21

Resources 22

Note: Innovation also applies to you as an engineer (Re)invent your self and be able to sell your own product (engineering competence). Enable and nurture what makes you distinct, unique…. 23

The News this week 24

Modern Engineering Needs National Academy of Engineering (NAE) 2007 Vision 2020: To enhance the nation's economic productivity and improve the quality of life worldwide, engineering education in the US must anticipate and adapt to the dramatic changes of engineering practice. Besides the necessary technical skills, what else is needed from US engineers? 25

ABET Engineering Criteria 2000: Outcomes (a-k) Upon graduation students must demonstrate an ability to a) Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering b) Design and construct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c) Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability d) Function on multi-disciplinary teams e) Identify, formulate and solve engineering problems f) Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility g) Communicate effectively h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context i) Recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning j) A knowledge of contemporary issues k) An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. Qualities of modern engineer 26

This class was about: An Introduction to the practices of modern engineering: a) application of the sciences (mathematics and physics) and engineering principles to satisfy needs, and b) other tracts that will ensure the engineer’s survival and continued success in the profession 27

What were the expectations? Will learn the various skills that an engineer exercises daily in his/her work, the dos & don’ts of practical engineering, the competitive advantages that will keep you ahead How to learn to be an active learner How to respect & protect intellectual property 28

+++ Management: time, schedules, resources & own career Team player: how to work & how to communicate with others Responsibility own & world (global village), ethics and safety Innovation how to learn it, how to practice it. 29

Class outcomes - evaluation Somewhat Satisfied Dissatisfi ed N/A 3 Very Satisfied Help students to realign their thinking and learning processes by having a vision of real engineering work 22 12 2 Facilitate the exploration of a topic of mutual interest by students and lecturer 22 13 2 3 Provide a platform for students to engage in in-depth discussion on a specific (scientific) issue and to present their ideas clearly in oral and written form 28 9 4 Offer students a diversity of scientific topics to choose from, exposing them to areas that they may otherwise not have the chance to experience 27 9 5 Establish a rapport between lecturer and students, creating opportunities for mentorship in the students’ later UG years and beyond 27 10 Class Outcomes 1 Total 37 43 registered 30

Class outcomes - evaluation Somewhat Satisfied Dissatisfied 8% Very Satisfied Help students to realign their thinking and learning processes by having a vision of real engineering work 59% 32% 2 Facilitate the exploration of a topic of mutual interest by students and lecturer 59% 35% 3 Provide a platform for students to engage in in-depth discussion on a specific (scientific) issue and to present their ideas clearly in oral and written form 76% 24% 4 Offer students a diversity of scientific topics to choose from, exposing them to areas that they may otherwise not have the chance to experience 76% 24% 5 Establish a rapport between lecturer and students, creating opportunities for mentorship in the students’ later UG years and beyond 73% 27% Class Outcomes 1 Total 100% 6% 31

Vision EC 2020: Skills to succeed • • Prepared for global competency Superb communication skills (written & oral) Trained in teams that work and deliver Ready for open-ended multidisciplinary problems with no unique answer Ready for innovation and to embrace change Show absolute professional integrity DO MORE WITH LESS DO THINGS RIGHT THE FIRST TIME Educating the Engineer of 2020 (NAE) 32

Thanks to DOWNLOAD CLASS CONTENTS – zipped file (112 MB) Group Name Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student 5 Student 6 The Wrecking Crew Brenna Welch Kaylan Martin Michael Carroll Thomas Vest Dustin Smith Michael Mitchel A&M Team Monica Foster Mark Fondren Mitch Johnson Adam Vaclavik Drew Parks Classic Style Rico Martinez Travis Cable Stephanie Simerskey Sam Mc. Caskil Phillip Laughbaum Grant Mc. Call The Better Team Kevin Unietis Hunter Palmer Bryce Peterman Nathan Mentzer Toby Williams Team Alpha Blake Carlton Michael Cox Lana Wilson Damon Ritter Gary Daigle Shanna Simmons Last Pick Kathryn Harris Anthony Sposato Matt Koenig Jason Bryan Stephen Davis Gilligan's Blade Carlos Dela Guardia Tyler Lindt Pilar Mondragon Brice Jackson Jack Schommer Left. Overs Joshua Norsworthy Sarah Corbitt Joel Turtle Clayton Martin James Hamaker For their hard work and cooperation. See class feedback (recommendations) at http: //rotorlab. tamu. edu/me 489 (*) Group leaders in red 33

Congraduations! ME B. S. May 2011 Jason Bryan Michael Carroll Michael Cox Stephen Davis Mark Fondren Best of the best, a productive professional career and a rewarding personal life. James Hamaker Kathryn Harris Hunter Palmer Bryce Peterman Damon Ritter Shanna Marie Simmons Dustin Smith Joel Turtle Kevin Unietis Lana Ann Wilson 34

For those students still in school How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world? Recommendations from students at National University of Singapore Fall 2009 35

How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world? AREAS METHODOLOGY BENEFITS Communication Be more outspoken Voice opinion in the correct way (i. e. respectful yet powerful) Be well read Develop the habit of proofreading Develop the habit of writing well (e. g. vocabulary) Be precise in writing Attending presentations workshops Attend lessons to improve writing Increase fluency and effectiveness in conveying a message and ideas Be able to speak to other at their frequency Increase confidence Teamwork Participate in school-wide projects Join an interest group or (professional) society Play a active part in all group assignment and ask for feedbacks Be receptive to working with different people (regardless of background, gender, culture, nationality). Learn to communicate with corporate representative Have the experience of working with a diversity of people Learn to solve problems derived from diversity in members NUS students – Fall 2009 36

How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world? AREAS METHODOLOGY BENEFITS Experience Take part in internship projects Go on field trips Attend conferences, exhibitions and seminars conducted by industries' representatives Obtain first-hand working experience to preparation for real work Gain exposure in different working styles Creating a more realistic expectations of one’s future workplace Knowledge Active Learning Take classes from other disciplines Read newspapers and magazines, but discern the information thoroughly before accepting them. Simply meet more people out of your Dept. Gain knowledge and understanding in various disciplines Able to address the concerns from a different disciplines Gain ability to integrate crossfaculty knowledge and act as a bridge between the engineering and nonengineering community NUS students – Fall 2009 37

How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world? 1: To effectively prepare students to work as a team, it is fundamentally important to change the existing stereotype that “engineers do things by themselves” and establish the importance of teamwork as part of the curriculum 2: Out there, it is not about merely solving ‘problem number three’, but about how efficient an engineer can work together with other individuals. In turn, efficiency requires fine communication skills. 3: Group work should not be done at the last minute, as it compromises discussion opportunities NUS students – Fall 2009 38

How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world? 4: . . students have the impression that working alone is more effective than working in a team. This is because they think that being able to work alone will cause them to stand out from the crowd. However they do not realize that having this mentality can have adverse effects on their career in the future. 5 To prepare for this, students must practice teamwork, understand related disciplines and increase their exposure to the world. Our society, being a multicultural society, already provides opportunities for cross-cultural interactions which must not be neglected. NUS students – Fall 2010 39

Practices of Modern Engineering Closure Keep as long as you live the desire to learn & help others. It’s been a privilege to teach you and to learn from you. Contact lecturer at Lsanandres@tamu. edu Learn more on his work at http: //rotorlab. tamu. edu and his music at http: //www. ies 3. com/El. Santo Thanks! 40