Powered Cargo Ships Turning Wind Into Profit Emily

Powered Cargo Ships “Turning Wind Into Profit” Emily Mc. Mahon ITMG 100, Section 09 November 20, 2008

Main Points • Sky. Sails© History • Fuel Savings • Technology of Sky. Sails© • Operation and Safety • Service and Maintenance • Media Attention/Awards • Advantages/Disadvantages of Sky. Sails©

History • Developed by German Innovators to be • the “World’s first practicable towing kite propulsion system for commercial shipping. ” Designs started with 3 Testing Phases applied over a period of four years

Testing Phase I • “Da Vinci” represented ground zero for the • • company Outlined basic concepts of their new technology using a catamaran The series of test performed on this model was setup to ensure that a kite-powered ship was physically possible

Testing Phase II • “Galileo” was based on an 8 -meter, 2 -ton • • scale model of an existing container Goal of this phase was to “Examine the kite’s tractive behavior on conventional cargo ships” Engineers collected calculations for the kite to be made on a life-size model

Testing Phase III • “MY Jan Luiken” developed and tested for • • the outfitting of system components for towing kites with 40 sq. meters pulling a 15 meter, 18 ton vessel Tested Launch & Recovery system Development platform that all in-progress ships are tested upon

MS Beaufort In 2006, Sky. Sails© started work on their first big ship, a 55 -meter, 800 ton former buoy tender. By the end of the year, the ship had been tested in the North & Baltic Sea. It was the first time Sky. Sails© towed a 160 meter kite. This achievement propelled Sky. Sails© into the development of the “MS Michael A. ” and “MS Beluga Sky. Sails. ”

Pilot Series The perpetual development of the “MS Michael A. ” and the “MS Beluga” has continued into 2008 and is known as the Pilot Series. The series consists of two phases.

Phase #1 Robustness and Reliability is developed to industry standards. MS Beluga

Phase #2 System performance is evaluated extensively and optimized. MS Michael A.

Fuel Savings • Sky. Sails© is committed to reducing annual • fuel costs savings between 10% -35% depending on the type of ship Recent regulations of the International Maritime Organization require a reduction in sulfur emissions for the shipping industry

Type of Ship Mutli-Purpose Multi-Purpose Heavy-Lift Tanker Length 88 m 133 m 160 m Installed main engine output 1, 520 k. W 3, 840 k. W 6, 800 k. W Ship speed at NCR 10. 5 kn 14 kn Main propulsion thrust at NCR 11 tons 23 tons 43 tons Quality of fuel used Marine gas oil Intermediate fuel oil Route Traveled Rotterdam-Reykjavik North Atlantic North Pacific Sky. Sails System SKS C 160 SKS C 320 SKS 640 Expected average savings for route 29% 18% Net annual savings $346, 105 $243, 590 $442, 873 Amortization period in years 1. 9 4. 8 3. 9

Costs • 250, 000 - 2, 500, 000 euros depending on • • the size of the kite sail 6 -10% of purchase price allocated to service and maintenance annually Average amortization period is 3 to 5 years

Sky. Profit Measurement system of the ships fricative force, speed, and fuel consumption while Sky. Sails© is in use: • Measures fuel savings generated by Sky. Sails© system onboard the vessel • Processes information • Forwards info directly to shipping co.

Technology in Detail “Wind is Cheaper than Oil and is the most economic and environmentally sound sources of energy on the high seas” • Conceptually simple system using a kite and • the basic guidelines of sailing Sky. Sails© consist of 3 main components

Towing Kite with Rope • Sail-shape like a paraglider • Made of high-strength & • weatherproof textiles Double-walled with fitted chambers to obtain aerodynamic properties emulating wing of an aircraft

Force Transmission Point • Transmits the tractive forces of the towing • • kite to the ship Each ship has a customized force transmission depending on its size, weight, cargo load, and speed Receives data from 3 main focal points

Focal Points Tow Rope: tractive forces transmitted to the ship via a highly tear-proof rope Tow Point: the towing rope of the kite is connected to the ship & guarantees optimal alignment of the kite’s power Winch: mechanism of rope storage for the sail of the kite when recovered and launched

Steering System • Represents main hub of kite control system • Operates through a control pod and control • system Operates automatically, aligning the tow kite based on wind direction, wind force, ship course, and ship speed to achieve optimal propulsion power

Control Pod • Pilot of the system • Maneuvers control line by pulling left and right • to guide the flight path of the sail Mechanical control actuators, electronics, & autopilot software installed in the pod

Control System • Automatically steers the sails • Mirrors the autopilot of an airplane where • data is collected via sensors and processed in the autopilot software 7 different controls that ensure smooth sailing and operation of the kite sail

Controls – Sky. Sails© on-board computer: operated by input commands – Control pod computer: takes over tasks of sensor signals – Autopilot program/Kite maneuver control: manages wind direction, wind strength, ship’s speed or holds, stable position of kite – – Launch & Recovery process control: program logic controller Ship Sensors: GPS, wind direction gauge, anemometer, rudder position Supplementary sensors: kite adapter, tow point, winch Sky. Sails© Arrangement Sensors (SAM): force transmission point, launch & recovery, kite storage

Launch and Recovery • Takes 10 -20 minutes for the sail to be • fully erected or fully stored The Launch is explained in 3 steps: 1. Telescopic mast raises towing kite 2. Kite unfolds to full size for launch 3. Winch releases rope while operating altitude is reached • For Recovery, the steps are reversed

Summary of System Components http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=a 8 qe. Kslrqe. Y

Safety • Tractive forces can modify position of • • • towing kite to ship Force vectors control the direction of kite pull if sudden wind shift occurs Overloading = winch automatically veers out towing kite Emergency release feature

Optional Weather Routing System • Sky. Sails© provides companies the • opportunity to guide their ships to destination using the most cost-effective routes determined by meteorologists 4 step process to determine the selected route catered to needs & circumstances of ship in tow

4 Step Process 1. Weather Forecast: calculates routes & speeds to 2. 3. 4. determine performance under any kind of weather condition Decision Model: outlines desired arrival time Performance Calculation: optimal route and projected performance Recommended Route: sent to shipmaster

Service and Maintenance • Ship-based chief engineer can service in • • or out of port High availability of replacement parts Exception is the towing kite and rope

Training • 2 -day training program for crewmembers • • that continues once aboard the ship Includes basics of Sky. Sail© system, aerodynamics, ship operations, and legal principles Hands-on use

Installation • Check: see if ship is suited for retrofitting or • • can be incorporated into design of new vessel Contract: insurance, class of vessel, shipyard company will work with Technical Info: installation begin & training of crew for operation of kite

Installation Process 1. Prepare mounts and foundations for 2. 3. 4. winch & SAM Install Sky. Sail© on bridge Lay electrical & hydraulic lines and connect system components Wind tow rope onto winch, stow kite and control pod in kite storage

Awards • “Zunkunftsaward 2007” aka “Future Award” in Best • • • Productive Innovation Logistics Excellence Optimization Award to managing director of Sky. Sails©, Stephen Wrage Top 39 Technology Pioneers of 2008, World Economic Forum 2008 Clean Tech Media Award, Technology

Successful Journeys To Date • Jan. 21, 2007 launched “MS Michael A. ” • 1 st retrofit Sky. Sail© system on board a cargo • • vessel Dec. 15, 2007 “MS Beluga Sky. Sails©” took its maiden voyage 6 yrs of development, it’s the world’s first newly built cargo vessel with Sky. Sail©

MS Beluga Video http: //greenmonk. net/? s=skysails

Advantages • • High propulsion power Automatic operation Optimized routing system Retrofitting system Hybrid propulsion Little spatial requirements Increase sea way performance

Disadvantages Cannot operate: • Against the wind • At wind forces below 3 Beaufort (wind speed) • In areas with dense traffic

Long-Term Goals Cargo Ship Fish Trawler Super Yacht • 1, 500 cargo ships, fish trawlers, and super • • yachts equipped with Sky. Sails© by 2015 10, 000 Sky. Sails© expected to be in operation by 2027 Underlying goal is to reduce emissions and operating costs

Questions?

References Slide: 1. Photo credit: Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. November 2008. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/english. [9 November 2008]. 5. Quote: Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. November 2008. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/engliish/company/history-milestones. [9 November 2008]. 9/10. Photo credit: Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. November 2008. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/english. [9 November 2008]. 12. Photo credit: “Sky. Sails Image Brochure. ” Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. Sky. Sails Gmb. H Co. KG. www. skysails. info/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Tech. Info/ EN_Image_Broschuere. pdf. [ 9 November 2008]. 15. Photo credit: Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. November 2008. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/english. [9 November 2008]. 16. Photo credit: “Sky. Sails - Wind-Powered Ships. ” December 2, 2007. Patened by Sky. Sails. www. kitepatents. blogspot. com. [9 November 2008]. • Photo credit: Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. November 2008. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/english/products/the-skysails-technology/installation/ [9 November 2008]. &

References Cont’d 24. Photo credit: “Sky. Sails Image Brochure. ” Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/ Tech. Info/ EN_Image_Broschuere. pdf. [9 November 2008]. Video: “A Sail in the sky. ” You Tube. November 2008. 20008 You Tube, LLC. www. youtube. com/watch? v=a 8 qe. Kslrqe. Y. [9 November 2008]. 34. Video: Raftery, Tom. “Sky. Sails use wind to power ships!” Greenmonk: the blog. 22, 2008. greenmonk. net/? s=skysails. [9 November 2008]. 35. Photo credit: “Sky. Sails Image Brochure. ” Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/ Tech. Info/ August EN_Image_Broschuere. pdf. [9 November 2008]. 36. Photo credit: “Sky. Sails Image Brochure. ” Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/ Tech. Info/ EN_Image_Broschuere. pdf. [9 November 2008]. • Photo credit: Sky. Sails-Turning Wind into Profit. November 2008. Sky. Sails Gmb. H & Co. KG. www. skysails. info/english/products. [9 November 2008].