Power of Open Standards Collaboration and

® ® Power of Open Standards, Collaboration, and Communities of Interest Presentation at the OSGeo Open Source Track at the GITA Annual Conference Carl Reed, Ph. D CTO OGC April 11, 2011 Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium http: //www. opengeospatial. org.

Factoid • Big Data – in 2010, 1. 5 zettabytes of such data collected

Who am I? • I am a geographer who could not get the hang of manual cartography so in 1969 I started to use computers to make maps and have been a geospatial tech geek ever since. OGC ® Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

Common impression about standards work OGC ® Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

Or How Many Others View Standards OGC ® Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

The reality • . . . the annual cost of waste due to inadequate interoperability among computer-aided design, engineering, and software systems in the construction industry to be $15. 8 billion <in the US alone>. 2004 NIST report titled "Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U. S. Capital Facilities Industry, " OGC ® Image from OGC Web Services 4 Test Bed Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

We are faced with Global Issues that require global collaboration OGC ® Copyright (c)

Or at a more mundane level OGC Photo courtesy Athina Trakas) ® Copyright (c)

Factoid • The use of international standards contributes more to the German GNP than do patent royalties and allows Germany to compete more effectively on a global basis – German DIN Study Image Courtesy Sensorpedia/ORNL Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 9

® ® Standards and the OGC Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium http: //www.

OGC overview – Not-for-profit, international, voluntary, consensus standards organization – Founded 1994 – 420+ industry, government, research and university members – 33 Approved standards OGC Mission Leading the development, promotion and harmonization of open geospatial standards … OGC ® Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

So what is an open standard? • A document, established by consensus and approved by an official organization, that provides rules and guidelines, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order (interoperability) in a given context. Euro. Control Aeronautical Sky. View 2 application Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

How the OGC Defines Open • • Freely and publicly available Unencumbered by patents and other intellectual property Non discriminatory No license fees Vendor neutral Data neutral Consensus No single entity controls the standard Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 13

One other key aspect! • Balance of interest • All Members have an equal

Standards Development is not easy! • Requires collaboration on a global basis • Requires concensus by many organizations • Requires give and take • Requires certified, repeatable process OGC ® Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

And does not exist in isolation A Critical Resource for Advancing Standards … and others www. opengeospatial. org/ogc/alliancepartners Making Location Count. . .

OSGeo – OGC Mo. U • Enhance communication and collaboration • Reference Implementations • Input of requirements and change requests • Implementation Experience – http: //wiki. osgeo. org/wiki/OSGeo_signs_Memorandum_of_Understa nding_with_OGC – http: //wiki. osgeo. org/wiki/Talk: Open_Source_and_Open_Standards Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 17

Evolving – Still some issues • Transparency • Process • Public versus not-public •

Some resolutions based on OSGeo input • Any OGC Domain Working Group can be made public (email, twiki, etc). Requires approval • All Change Requests are public • All standards go through public review • Minutes of OGC meetings are public • Any organization can respond to an OGC call for participation • Increased collaboration Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 19

Factoid: OGC publicly available services in Europe • Presented at INSPIRE 2010 Conference • Focus on portrayal services • Advanced Information Systems Laboratory (IAAA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 20

® ® The OGC and Community (Domain) Collaboration Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC Activities Driven by Community Needs Other Standards Organizations Education & Research Sustainable Development Infrastructure Transportation Health E -Government Emergency Services, Disaster Management Aviation Energy Consumer Services, Real Time Information OGC ® Geosciences

Collaboration Example: 3 D Info Management • Facilitating the definition and development of interface and encoding standards that enable development of solutions that allow infrastructure owners, builders, emergency responders, community planners, and the traveling public to better manage and navigate complex built environments. • CAD-GIS-BIM Integration © Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 23

Just approved – 3 d Interoperability Experiment • Will test and demonstrate different mechanisms for the portrayal, delivery, and exploitation of 3 D geodata based on open standards-based formats and services. • Initiators: Hasso-Plattner-Institut at the University of Potsdam, GIScience at the University of Heidelberg, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research • Many Participants: – Bentley, Bitmanagement Software Gmb. H, CACI, Institute for Geodesy and Geoinformation Science at Technical University Berlin (IGG), Institut Geographique National (IGN), Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Information et des Systémes (LSIS), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Virginia Tech (VT), and more Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 24

Collaboration Example 2: Hydrology DWG • Define an information model that enables sharing of water data on a global basis and then encode as an XML/GML application schema. © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

Hydrology Interoperability Experiment • Advance Water. ML 2. 0 and test use with various OGC service standards (SOS, WFS, WMS and CSW). • Contribute to the development of a hydrology domain feature model and vocabularies: essential for interoperability. • GML and O&M compliant Water. ML 2. 0 and OGC web services for data exchange enables easier access and interpretation of water data. © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium

CSRIO Hydrologic Sensor Web South Elk River Catchment – NE Tasmania • OGC Sensor Observation Service used to republish and expose near real time hydrologic and other sensor data from multiple agencies on a Google pane • Sites color coded by responsible agency OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium

Collaboration Example 3: Meteorology/Oceans • Provides an open forum for work on meteorological and oceanographic data interoperability and a process to publish and revise OGC Best Practices and Standards thence giving a route for submission to WMO for adoption. © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium 28

Annual OGC Standards and Meteorology Workshops • Present solutions, requirements, and discuss issues. Feeds into the OGC Met/Oceans and Aviation Domain Working Groups. Issues such as time, time series, performance, etc. Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 29

Collaboration Example 3: Aviation • Develop and test standards-based service-oriented architecture to support the provision of valuable aeronautical and weather information directly to flight decks and Electronic Flight Bags (EFB) © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) (OWS-6 -7 -8 Testbeds) • Support vision for Aeronautical Information Management – Interconnected systems with many actors and many users – Need for real-time information used in flight planning, navigation, rerouting, etc – Right information at the right time at the right place to the right user – End-to-end management of information OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

® ® Cross Domain Integration and Fusion Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium© 2011

® ® Example of an externally developed content model and standard processed using the OGC Consensus process: Collaboration with an external, non. Member community © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium http: //www. opengeospatial. org.

Exchange of 3 D City Models - City. GML Source: T. H. Kolbe: Standardization

Background • A common information model for the representation of 3 D urban objects. • Content model defined by Special Interest Group 3 D (SIG 3 D) participants. Over 100 participating organizations • Original submission to the OGC in 2007. Included initial GML application schema • Same group is submitting a Web 3 D Service (W 3 DS), a 3 D portrayal service interface specification. Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 35

A bit more background • Became an OGC standard in 2008. • Over 11, 000 downloads (135 k+ GML downloads!) • Implemented in numerous products – E. g. Oracle, FME, Snowflake, Bentley, Autodesk, ESRI, CPA Systems, numerous Open Source • City. GML in revision. – Additional Application Extensions being added (e. g. underground) • Will soon be a Dutch national standard Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium 36

Comparison of City. GML with other 3 d encoding standards • Source: 2010 Dutch

Applications of virtual 3 D city models Urban and Transportation planning © IKG, Universität Bonn Disaster management Mobile network planning © T-Mobile Training simulators Noise pollution mapping © IGG, Universität Bonn 3 D-(Indoor) Navigation © Sony Corporation © Fa. Conterra © Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Claus Nagel, 2009 © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

Improve “Livability” • German Federal Gov Initiative – Noise reduction OGC ® Copyright (c)

Noise Mapping in North-Rhine Westphalia Required 3 D data on Roads Railways Noise barriers Buildings Terrain Traffic volumes from different sources in various formats Implementation as part of the state‘s standards-based Spatial Data Infrastructure. Some reasons: OGC • • ® Sustainable approach Efficient access to spatial data for noise calculations Opening up 3 D data to other environmental applications Avoiding multiple storage of vast amounts of data Clemens Portele, interactive instruments Gmb. H Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

® ® Closing thought and examples Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium http: //www.

Quote for the day • "The conventional view serves to protect us from the

Hard thinking and action. Korea u-City © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium 43

Taiwan Debris Flow Monitoring and Forecast Sensor GRID Grid Source:

Sahana • Free and Open Source Disaster Management system. It is a web based collaboration tool that addresses the common coordination problems during a disaster from finding missing people, managing aid, managing volunteers, tracking camps effectively between Government groups, the civil society (NGOs) and the victims themselves. Implements: • OGC Web Map Service • OGC Catalogue (CSW) • OGC KML • OGC Web Feature Service • OGC Coverage Service • Geo. RSS GML http: //www. sahana. lk/ Copyright (c) 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

For Details on OGC Standards… • OGC Standards – Freely available – www. opengeospatial. org/standards • OGC Reference Model (ORM) – Overview of OGC Standards Baseline – Resource for defining architectures for specific applications – www. opengeospatial. org/standards/orm Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium