POTUS 1 -5 President of the United States

POTUS 1 -5 President of the United States A look at our first 5 Presidents

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. "

The first 5 POTUS’ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe

President George Washington

George Washington First • our nation’s ______ President • only president elected unanimously _______ • Being first is a very difficult job. precedent • There was no ______ (standard) for how to be president of the United States. • George was going to have to do this himself.

Civic Virtue • The dedication of citizens to the common good _______, above their selfish own ____ interests • I. E…giving back the money you found instead of keeping it for yourself.

• George Washington did not want to be the president. He was not happy that he was elected…however, • His desire for a strong country and civic virtue his ______ led him to accept the presidency. Strong Government

Runner Up: • The person to get the __________ second most votes became GW’s Vice President • The runner up was ________ John Adams • GW and JA took the oath of office in ______ the Nation’s New York City capitol at the time.

Creating a working government • The framers created a Supreme Court but left the ________. One of details to Congress their first duties was to set up the court. • Congress passed the ________ Federal Judiciary. Act of 1789 _____ that six members – Gave the Supreme Court ______, one associate Chief _____ Justice and five _____ justices, and – also created other _________ lower, less powerful courts (appellate courts). We are in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals located in New Orleans. John Jay – GW appointed _______ first Chief Justice Link

Washington asks for help! • The Constitution gives Congress the power to departments create _____ to help the President lead the country. Congress create three departments right away: _______, Department of War Department of State _________, Department of the Treasury. • The President has the power to ____ appoint lead (choose) anyone he wants to ______ the departments with the _________. approval of the Senate Here I come to save the day!

Because he can’t do everything • The heads of the Departments became known President’s Cabinet as the _______. These are people give advice smart in their jobs who can help _____ and ____ the President on issues he/she counsel not know everything about may __________. – Secretary of War – Henry Knox a general in the __________ defenses Revolution. He oversaw the country’s _____ Link

• Secretary of _______ – ___. He oversaw State TJ ______ between the U. S. and relations other countries _________ Treasury • Secretary of the ______ – Alexander Hamilton __________. His job was to manage the government’s money ________________.

One more thing… • To advise the government on legal matters, Washington appointed Edmund Attorney General Randolph as ________.

MONEY Economic (_____) Problems • United States had a large ____ debt (money the U. S. owed to banks or other countries). • Why did the U. S. have such a large debt? We borrowed money from France to fight the revolution

• The new cabinet position of Secretary of the Treasury went to Alexander Hamilton _________. • His job was to create a plan to fix the national debt problem.

Hamilton’ Plan • Step one – earn ____ for the government money How will Hamilton make money for the U. S. ? • by creating tariffs: ________ a type of tax

• Step Two pay – ____ off all the war debt. – Foreign countries may not do business if we ________, or owe them money – may simply _______ us to get it back… invade

• Step Three national bank – create a _______. currency – establish a single national _____. business • This would make doing _____ easier • Because you can use one type of dollar instead of many different state dollars. • These changes would make the U. S. a _____ stronger nation.

• The tariff encouraged the growth of manufacturing and business American __________ by making goods from foreign expensive countries more ____ Lets’ Grab a box !

How protective tariffs work… Made in France Made in the USA $1. 00 $2. 00

How protective tariffs work… Made in France Made in the USA $1. 00 + 1. 50 Tariff = 2. 50 Total $2. 00 To “protect American manufacturers…the government tariff places a _____ on the price of the foreign good, making it more expensive

• People would be encouraged to buy the now cheaper American goods. This is called a _____ tariff protective protects because it _____ U. S. interests (jobs, businesses, government, etc. ) Buy American! and Save!

Controversy over the National Bank • Part of Hamilton’s plan, creating the National Bank was opposed by Jefferson _____ and _____ because they believed it Madison wealthy would benefit only the _____. unconstitutional • TJ said the bank would be ______ because the Constitution does not _________ the government has specifically say the power to _______. create a bank

Controversy over the National Bank • Hamilton argued that the Constitution says the Congress may “__________ make all Laws which shall __________” for the purpose be necessary and proper of running the country. elastic clause • This is called the “_______” because it allows the ______ to _______ and constitution stretch changing needs bend it the new, _______ of the nation as it grows. • The elastic clause helps to prevent us from amendments needing to make _______ (which takes forever) all the time.

Controversy over the National Bank Hamilton’s • Washington agreed with ______ argument and signed the Banking bill into law. • This argument highlighted the differences in how to _______ the Constitution: read and interpret strict – Jefferson and Madison believed in a “____” interpretation…the government only has the powers Constitution has WRITTEN down the ________________. – Hamilton believed in a ____ interpretation loose saying the elastic clause gives the Congress flexibility ______ to carry out the government’s duties.

French Revolution • During Washington’s presidency the French people had their own _____ revolution violent that was extremely _______…eventually the French King was _____. beheaded threatened • Other European nations were ____ by this Revolution and declared _____ war England against France, _______ led the charge.

Another European War… • The war between France and England put the U. S. in a _________. difficult situation ally France was our biggest _____ during the American Revolution and we were still treaty under ____ with them. • Jefferson said to crush the French liberty Revolution would be an attack on ____________. everywhere • Hamilton said Britain was our best trading partner _______ and we should not risk war _____ with them.

GW: “Let’s keep out of it…” • In 1793, Washington declared in the ___________ Proclamation of Neutrality that the neutral United States would remain ______ and the U. S. would remain “_______ friendly _______” to both sides. and impartial • Congress then passed a law forbidding the U. S. from helping either side.

Easier said than done. neutrality • England made our _____ difficult by cargoes ships seizing the ____ of American _____ French trading with the ____, the Brits were natives also causing trouble with ____ on our western border. • So, GW sent John Jay (the high court _____ chief justice) to ____ with the negotiate Jay’s Treaty French. He wrote _______ stating the British will leave North America and alone our ships ____.

Whiskey Rebellion • Grain farmers would harvest the grain and turn the excess into______. whiskey • Grain that would normally ruin and go to profit. waste was then turned into a ____ transport • This also made it easier to _____ from place to place. In order to make more money the government started charging a tax on whiskey ______

Whiskey Rebellion • Farmer’s protested against the tax government’s ______ on whiskey by attacking tax collectors. • Washington responded by sending in the U. S. army • This was the 1 st big test of the new authority government’s _______

The Fed. Gov. rules! • During the Articles of Confederation __________, Shays’ Rebellion proved that government did not work ______. It did not have the power or the authority to ____ its protect citizens. • The Whiskey Rebellion proved just the Constitutional opposite…the new _______ government did have the ____ and power authority ______ to protect its citizens and it was supported enough to use it!

• George Washington showed that armed ______ against the rebellion new government (that was so effective against the King of NOT England as colonies) would _____ be tolerated in the new United States. • Clearly established ____ federal control over the states Federal Government State

Farewell Address • Washington was elected to the presidency _____ twice • ____ the offer to serve a Declined third term (this is how the tradition of 2 terms started…he Beware of the was setting a precedent!) Future • Before leaving office, he explained what he thought would be the most important issues _______ that future presidents MUST address to keep the country together

Farewell Address • The “_______” was Washington’s speech to congress at the end of his second term as president • It explained what he believed three dangers were _______ to the United States:

Washington’s 3 Warnings 1. ________ could divide Political parties Americans and destroy the cooperation needed in government.

Sectionalism 2. ______, or political divisions based on geographic loyalties such as between the northern and southern states

Foreign affairs 3. involvement in _______ European rivalries that repeatedly drove those nations to war.