Построение логистических систем с использованием нерегулярной формы перевозок

Построение логистических систем с использованием нерегулярной формы перевозок грузов морским транспортом

World fleet by vessel types (millions dwt.)

Типы судов

Виды сухогрузов: 1. Балкеры Handy-size (10,000-35,000 dwt) Handymax (35,000-50,000 dwt) Panamax (50,000-80,000 dwt) Cape-size (80,000- ) 2. Нефтебалкеры

Типы судов ULCC (свыше 310 тысяч тонн) Aframax (70-110 тысяч тонн)

Классы танкеров Panamax-The largest acceptable size in order to transit the Panama Canal. Ships’ lengths are restricted to 275m, and maximum permitted width is slightly more than 32m. Average deadweight of such a ship is about 65,000 to 80,000 tonnes, cargo intake usually restricted to approximately 52,500 tonnes on the Panama Canal draft.

Классы танкеров AFRAMAX: A tanker of 70-100,000 tonnes deadweight, or the largest tanker size in the Average Freight Rate Assessment Scale

Классы танкеров SUEZMAX: Before its closure in 1967 the Suez Canal could only cope with 80,000 tonne deadweight tankers, though larger vessels could go through in ballast, and the maximum draft available was 37 feet. An enlargement to enable the canal to take 200,000 ton tankers was proposed.

Классы танкеров VLCC: Very Large Crude Carriers 200,000 - 299,999 tonnes deadweight. On similar routes to ULCCs but with greater flexibility in discharging port options owing to their smaller size, and for this reason also employed ex Mediterranean, West African and even North Sea Terminals. They can be ballasted through the Suez Canal

Классы танкеров ULCC: Ultra Large Crude Carriers 300,000 - 550,000 tonnes deadweight. Used for carrying crude oil on long haul routes from the Arabian Gulf to Europe, America and the Far East, via the Cape of Good Hope normally discharging at custom built terminals.

Composition

Knock Nevis («Happy Giant») Длина - 458.45м Ширина - 68,86м Осадка(гр.) -24,61м Тоннаж - 260,941 GT 564,650 DWT Скорость- 13 узлов(около 24 км/ч) Тормоз.путь - 10,2км Диаметр разворота – 3,7 км

Knock Nevis

Географические секции открытого фрахтового рынка Североевропейская Средиземноморская Индийская Дальневосточная Западноафриканская Южноафриканская Североамериканская Южноамериканская Тихоокеанская

Основные направления перевозок угля

Факторы, влияющие на уровень фрахтовых ставок Внешние факторы Глобализация мировой экономики Экономические циклы Состав флота

World Shipbuilding – Shares of Deliveries Source: Clarkson Research Studies for shipbuilding and scrapped vessels. Japan Europe Korea China Others

World Merchant Fleet by type of ship of 300gt and over As at January 1st 2007 – number of ships in share of the World Reported Fleet, growth rate 2002-2007 (%) and average age Source: Indicators issued from various sources such as ISL Bremen for World fleet and trading figures and Clarkson Research Studies for shipbuilding and scrapped vessels. Special Ships 3.1% (+17.7%) Ore/Bulk/Oil 0.2% (-46.2%) Ro-Ro cargo 3.0% (+12.5%) Reefer ships 2.6% (-12.2%) Chemical tankers 3.2% (+7.3%) Liquefied gas 2.9% (+11.8%) Bulk carriers 15.8% (+14.8%) Passengers 9.6% (+7.9%) Container ships 9.1% (+42.4%) Oil Tankers 19.1% (+12.1%) General cargo 31.4% (-6.3%) 23.3 17.1 15.8 22.8 10.8 16.3 18.7 19.2 19.7 22.1 WORLD REPORTED FLEET Total number : 42,872 ships increased by + 9.6 % on the period Average age : 19.1 years

Chokepoints

Факторы, влияющие на уровень фрахтовых ставок Внутренние факторы Условия конкретной сделки Флаг судна Тип и класс судна

Виды чартеров Рейсовый чартер (Voyage Charter Party Фрахтовый контракт (Contract tramping) Тайм-чартер (Time Charter Party) Димайз чартер (Demise Charter Party) Бербоут чартер (Bareboat Charter Party)

Распределение рисков и расходов

Базисные условия торговли услугами морского транспорта FIO (free in and out) FIOS (free in, out and stowage) FIOT (free in, out and trimming) Liner terms Gross terms