Post World War II Cold War 1945 —

Post World War II Cold War 1945 - 1989

Atlantic Charter – Review n Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed to seek no territorial gain from the war n FDR and Churchill pledged to support the “right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live. ” (self-determination) n The Charter called for a “permanent system of general security, ” such as an organization like the League of Nations (United Nations)

Post WWII n United Nations ¡ ¡ ¡ June 26, 1945 Keep the peace Gather food & supplies for needy nations Homes for war victims Help developing nations with problems of health, farming, and education

Cold War n n 1945 – 1989 Ideological conflict ¡ Fought with words & ideas Primarily between U. S. and Soviet Union Communism vs. democracy Dominated world politics

Cold War n Truman (like FDR) believed in self-determination ¡ U. S. demanded free elections be held throughout Eastern Europe n n 1945 – 1989 Much was occupied by the Soviet Union Stalin promised to allow free elections, but went back on his word after WWII ¡ He wanted military security for the Soviet Union, and for his country to be the dominant world power

Cold War n “A freely elected government in any of the Eastern European countries would be anti-Soviet, and that we cannot allow. ” – Josef Stalin n By 1948, the government of every Eastern European country was under communist control. 1945 – 1989

Cold War n Winston Churchill ¡ ¡ Warned Americans of the Soviet threat in a speech at Westminster College in Fulton, MO, March 1946 An “iron curtain has descended across the continent”, walling off Soviet-dominated nations from the rest of the world 1945 – 1989

Cold War n Truman Doctrine ¡ ¡ March 1947 Containment of Soviet Communism 1945 – 1989

Cold War n 1945 – 1989 Marshall Plan ¡ ¡ ¡ June 1947 Proposed by Secy. of State George Marshall Provided money to help European nations rebuild after WWII n ¡ Factories, schools, hospitals, railroads, bridges, farms Huge success n 1948 -1951, U. S. loaned >$12 billion to Western European countries 16

Cold War n 1945 – 1989 Germany & Berlin ¡ Divided into 4 parts n East Germany – Communist ¡ Soviet Union n West Germany – Democracy ¡ Great Britain ¡ France ¡ U. S.

Cold War 1945 – 1989

Cold War 1945 – 1989

Cold War n n n 1945 – 1989 Western powers decided it was time to reunite Germany in 1948, but Stalin was opposed June 1948, Soviets set up a blockade around Berlin and prevented delivery of Allied supplies Berlin Airlift ¡ ¡ Cargo planes delivered tons of food and supplies to 2 M people in West Berlin >200, 000 flights from June 1948 – May 1949

Cold War 1945 – 1989 Berlin Airlift

Cold War n n n 1945 – 1989 A divided Germany and Berlin remained a focus of Cold War tensions Between 1949 and 1961, thousands of East Germans fled to West Berlin, then into West Germany Berlin Wall ¡ ¡ ¡ Built in August 1961 Separated East and West Germany Stood for 28 years as a symbol of a divided Germany and Europe

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall Westminster College Fulton, MO

Cold War n 1945 – 1989 State of Israel ¡ May 14, 1948 n an independent nation

Cold War n 1945 – 1989 International Organizations ¡ United Nations ¡ NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) n n n ¡ April 1949 U. S. and other Western nations Military alliance – collective defense against a Soviet attack Warsaw Pact n n 1955 Soviet Union and Communist countries

Cold War 1945 – 1989