PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE BRIEFING LIBERATION HERITAGE ROUTE Click to

PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE BRIEFING LIBERATION HERITAGE ROUTE Click to edit Master subtitle style • Presentation by Mr. Vusithemba Ndima

CONTENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Liberation Heritage Route Concept 11 June 2011 Cabinet Resolution Progress on the implementation of the resolution Conceptual Framework Pilot Projects per Province Way Forward 2 22

ACRONYMS LHR – Liberation Heritage Route DAC – Department of Arts and Culture NHC – National Heritage Council IMC – Inter Ministerial Committee SADET – South African Democratic Education Trust OAU – Organisation of African Unity SADC – Southern African Development Community FEDSAW – Federation of South African Women ANCWL – African National Congress Women’s League CPSA – Communist Party of South African PAC – Pan Africanist Congress SACTU - South African Congress of Trade Unions SACP – South African Communist Party MK – Mkhonto We Sizwe SAHRA – South African Heritage Resource Agency SANNC – South African Native National Congress 33 3

1. LIBERATION HERITAGE ROUTE CONCEPT 1. 1 The LHR is configured as a network of heritage sites, some nodes with world heritage status, others with national, provincial and local significance. 1. 2 The LHR sites will recognize people, communities, icons, places/sites and record epoch-making stories and events which had a significant impact on the South African anticolonial struggle and struggle for liberation. 1. 3 The Route will provide a storyline about the movement and continuity of anti-colonial wars and liberation activities, the dialogue across the country and trans-boundary co-ordination of the national liberation struggle. 1. 4 The LHR project was approved by Cabinet on 11 June 2011. 44 4

2. 2. 1 2. 2 Co 2. 3 CABINET RESOLUTION The DAC/NHC develops a conceptual framework which the LHR will be an integral element thereof. The framework was to be based on existing historical and cultural research. The Minister of Arts and Culture must convene an Inter. Ministerial Committee consisting of Ministers of Science and Technology, Basic Education, Public Works, Tourism and operative Governance and Traditional Affairs. The IMC must consider a pilot project which must put emphasis on establishing a strategy to deal with infrastructure and the development of heritage tourism facilities as one of the main focus areas for the strategy. 55 5

3. PROGRESS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CABINET RESOLUTION 3. 1 The conceptual framework based on existing 66

3. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS 3. 8 The conceptual framework and the Business Plan was also presented to the Ministry and the Ministry resolved that the research is on going and therefore the DAC enters into formal agreement with SADET to provide the research component to the LHR, SADET finalises the conceptual framework, the Task Team be guided by the conceptual framework to finalise the Business Plan and the final Business Plan should have short term and long term budgetary provisions 3. 9 The Ministry further resolved that the Task Team should identify an implementation framework which could include a Provincial Route Approach Selection of Anchor sites, based on their significance and potential to attract tourists, to be connected to identified national, provincial and local sites. Emphasis should placed on the need to capacitate provinces that have not had a fair share of national heritage facilities 3. 10 Such a framework could also include a Big Bang Approach A single project that maps and interprets all the epochs of the South African liberation struggle identified in the conceptual framework 77

4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 4. 1 The conceptual framework was developed Democratic 88

4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (Cont) 4. 5 The conceptual framework locates the LHR within the pre -colonial context which is defined 99

4. 4. 10 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (Cont) The framework highlights the Gender and 1010

GAUTENG SITE DESCRIPTION FREEDOM PARK WORK TO BE DONE The Freedom Park was officially launched on 1 June 2000 as a response to the need identified by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission for symbolic Not yet declared as the construction reparation of past conflicts in the history of South is not yet completed but one of the Africa. The foundation of The Freedom Park is thus SAHRA priority projects in the list of based on the South African nation’s reconciliation protection. process as well as the advancement of the various rights entrenched in the constitution from a heritage perspective. The Pan African Archives forms the underlying knowledge base of all the components of The Freedom Park. In this space, The Freedom Park Trust’s research data is stored, conserved and processed for public consumption and use. Tot 1111

GAUTENG SITE DESCRIPTION The Sharpeville Memorial honours those who lost their lives in the Sharpeville Massacre on 21 March 1960. To honour those who died for the liberation of South Africa, the Sharpeville Memorial was opened on the 21 March 2002, a day known now as the Human Rights Day. It is located in Seeiso Street in Sharpeville, opposite the police station where the shootings took place. The Sharpeville exhibition promises to communicate the tragic incident to visitors. WORK TO BE DONE Improvements to preserve the Exhibition Centre. Constitutional Walk, a Memorial Garden and an Exhibition Centre Mosaic. 1212

GAUTENG SITE DESCRIPTION DR AB XUMA MUSEUM Alfred Bitini Xuma was the President-General of the Gauteng African National Congress from 1939 -1949, and a long time resident in Sophiatown. His house was one of several buildings that escaped the bulldozers when the suburb was flattened in the 1950 s and 1960 s. It was declared a national monument in 1998. The municipality had agreed that the Trevor Huddleston Memorial Centre will operate a museum at the house, to be called the Sophiatown Museum. The city library’s services will place Xuma’s historic book collection in the house as a permanent exhibit, along with any other relevant material from the city’s museum collection. WORK TO BE DONE Museum Renovations and internal developments to House. Purchase of adjacent property. Conservation and Management Plan. Exhibition and setting up of Library Services 1313

MPUMALANGA SITE DESCRIPTION SAMORA MACHEL MEMORIAL Samora Machel was a Mozambican military commander, a revolutionary socialist leader an eventual President of Mozambique. Machel led the country to independence in 1975 until his death in 1986, when his presidential aircraft crashed in the mountainous terrain where the borders of Mozambique, Swaziland South Africa converge. A memorial at the Mbuzini crash site was inaugurated on January 19, 1999 by President Nelson Mandela and by President Joaquim Chissano of Mozambique. WORK TO BE DONE The Memorial is managed by the Provincial Government will have to review the Provincial status of the memorial to a National Memorial under the Cultural Institutions Act. Reprioritisation of budgetary provision with National Treasury to be explored 1414

MPUMALANGA SITE DESCRIPTION Pixley ka Isaka Seme WORK TO BE DONE Pixley Isaka Ka Seme (1881 -June 1951) was a founder member and President of the African Interpretive Centre National Congress. He was one of the leading Conservation and Management Plan. early African Intellectuals who relentlessly and eloquently advanced the interest of Africans. 1515

MPUMALANGA SITE DESCRIPTION KANYAMAZANE HILL WORK TO BE DONE The hill was used by youth activists in Declare the Site Kanyamazane to hold their political meetings. Landscaping of the Hill. It was on this hill that members of LOMOYO Interpretive Centre were ambushed and massacred in 1986. Conservation and Management Plan. 1616

EASTERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE BISHO MASSACRE Former Ciskei security forces opened fire to thousands of marchers who were heading towards the capital of the bantustan, Bisho. This march was led by national leaders of the liberation movement. Shots were fired indiscriminately killed forty three people and wounding scores of others. A site in Bisho is dedicated to victims of this massacre. Upgrading of the Monument. Declaration of site Landscaping of park Museum Conservation Management Plan 1717

EASTERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE OLIVER TAMBO SITE Oliver Reginald Tambo was a leader of the African Site Declaration, Interpretative Centre National Congress who led the organization for a Larger and life Statue, Landscaping and very long time. He was respected throughout the fencing, Memory Pavillion, Timeline world as a statesman who fought relentlessly for pathway, Garden of Unsung Heroes the liberation of South Africa. Garden of Remembrance, Amphitheatre The National Assembly and the Eastern Cape Wall of Remembrance, Rehabilitation of Provincial Government officially opened the O R the graves at Nkantolo, Khananda and the Tambo Garden of Remembrance in honour of the Homestead, Rehabilitation of the Tambo Family for their contribution in liberating our Homestead people. 1818

EASTERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE ROBERT SOBUKWE AND BEYERS NAUDE Robert Sobukwe was the leader of the Pan-Africanist Heroes Acre, amphitheatre as space for Congress who suffered from solitary confinement for 6 youth and social development projects. years. He was a founder of the PAC who was highly respected even during his days in the ANC YL at Fort Hare. Link with social responsibility partners, Beyers Naude was a highly progressive South African who and sports development partners in actively identified with the national cause to rid S. Africa of Government and Graaf Reinette the oppressive and exploitative system of apartheid. This Identification of site, Development of wall site in Graaf-Reinet will encourage a dialogue between of remembrance; research into names; their respective ideologies as they are both from this maintenance, significant but little known space of Graaf-Reinet. They were both formidable leaders who left indelible footprints in the national road to freedom. 1919

WESTERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE NELSON MANDELA PRISON HOUSE Victor Verster Prison (also called Klein Drakenstein and later renamed as Drakenstein Correctional Centre) is a low Restoration of the house at the Drakenstein security prison near Paarl in the valley of the Dwars River in Correctional Centre the Western Cape of South Africa. The prison is famous for Landscaping of the site being the last place that Nelson Mandela was held. In 1984 Declaration of the site Conservation Management Plan Mandela was transferred from the maximum security prison on Roben Island, a small island in Table Bay, to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town near Steenberg. From there Mandela was moved to Victor Verster prison in 1988, where he lived in a private villa inside the prison compound. Victor Verster, a farm prison, was often used as a stepping stone for releasing lower risk political prisoners. Mandela served another three years at Verster until his release in 11 February 1990. 2020

WESTERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION GUGULETHU WORK TO BE DONE On the 3 rd March 1986, a group of seven young Development of the Memory Centre men were ambushed in Cape Town. They were Declaration of the Site dubbed the Gugulethu Seven. Security police Landscaping of the site. opened fire on them, because they were seen as Interpretive Centre. being terrorists. The ambush was co-ordinated by Conservation Management Plan the infamous security forces of Vlakplaas, who were known for torture and unprovoked violent actions. Their names are Zandisile Zenith Mjobo, Zola Alfred Swelani, Mandla Simon Mxinwa, Godfrey Jabulani Miya, Themba Mlifi, Zabonke John Konile and Christopher Piet. 2121

FREE-STATE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE WESLYAN CHURCH The church where the SANNC was formed which would later become the African National Congress. Restoration of the church. Landscaping of the site. Interpretive Centre. Conservation Management Plan 2222

FREE-STATE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE THABO MOFUTSANYANA Mr Thabo Mafutsanyana was a leader of the Grading and Restoration of the house ANC and the South African Communist Party. He was instrumental in the mobilization of workers in farm areas, in townships and in rural areas. He was one of the most effective communists who produced many leaders. 2323

FREE-STATE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE REV Z. R. MAHABANE Rev. ZR Mahabane was twice a President of Declaration and Restoration of the African National Congress. He was a house, interpretive centre clergy man who was committed to cause for the liberation of his people. He led the ANC with distinction and was highly respected beyond the ANC. 2424

NORTHERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE UPINGTON 26 On 11 November 1985 the Upington Youth Declaration of the site, setting up Organisation mobilised a crowd of approximately memorial park 3000 who gathered on a soccer field in Paballelo, a township in Upington. The event that would follow that day resulted in the setting alight of a municipal policeman after he had shot and seriously wounding a young boy. 26 people were arrested and charged with the murder of the policeman. 25 of accused were found guilty and 14 were sentenced to death. Eleven were released while the murder convictions of three were upheld following an appeal. 2525

NORTHERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE THE GALESHEWE MAYIBUYE UPRISING The Galeshewe Mayibuye Uprising is part of the national defiance campaign that took place 1952. On the 8 th of November 1952, following a mass protestation incident, 12 people were shot and 78 wounded by then police force. Declaration. Interpretive Centre. Conservation and Management Plans. Exhibition. 2626

NORTHERN CAPE SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE THE LANGEBERG REBELLION The Langeberg Rebellion is an epic story that Interpretive Centre. depicts the height of dispossession of land livestock during the wars against colonisation. The Declaration of the Site. Maintenance of existing infrastructure event occurred around November 1896. Conservation and Management Plans. Exhibition. 2727

LIMPOPO SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO University of Limpopo was a major theatre of Declaration of the Site Interpretive Centre. the struggle which produced activists and Conservation and Management Plans. leaders of the highest calibre who later Exhibition. swelled the ranks of the liberation movement . at home and in exile. Freedom fighters from this university played a profound role in the liberation of South Africa. 2828

LIMPOPO SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE BEUSTER MISSION STATION After the departure of the missionaries, black Declaration and Infrastructure development will include an interpretive centre evangelists and pastors took over control mission stations, the Beuster Mission Station included. Some, if not most, of these evangelists were political minded and became an influence to most of the youth in Venda at secondary school level. This saw the youth protest against homeland independence and involved in the struggle for liberation and justice. 2929

LIMPOPO SITE DESCRIPTION SHILUVANE MISSION CENTRE The Mission Centre became a centre of political activities, supporting civic and political structures during the liberation struggle, particularly during the time of Rev. Mathebula who was himself an activist who hosted meetings of various anti-apartheid structures. The centre is known for harbouring guerrilla fighters. WORK TO BE DONE Declaration and Infrastructure development will include an interpretive centre 3030

KWAZULU-NATAL SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE PIETERMARITZBURG STATION This magnificent Victorian station was the setting for one of Mahatma Ghandi's most profound experiences when he Turn one building into a museum. Interpretive Centre. was thrown off a train despite carrying a First Conservation and Management Plans. Exhibition. Class ticket. . 3131

KWAZULU-NATAL SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE JOHNNY MAKHATHINI One of the most formidable leaders of the ANC. He worked closely with Oliver Tambo. Not a site as yet, but could change his home into a workshop /museum to bring money into the community. House Museum Declaration of the site. Interpretive Centre. Conservation and Management Plans. 3232

KWAZULU-NATAL SITE DESCRIPTION D C O MATIWANE SITE D C O Matiwane was a highly respected leaders of the African National Congress and the South African Communist Party. He was one of the most effective organisers and leaders in the Kwa. Zulu-Natal working with renowned leaders like Harry Gwala. WORK TO BE DONE Archiving, interpretation rooms and statue Conservation and Management Plans. 3333

NORTH-WEST SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE BLACK CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND GRAVES According to distorted historical accounts it is Memorial sites and Declaration of sites. generally believed that the Black People never took part in the so-called Anglo-Boer or inclusively referred to as the South African War. During this war numerous black people were forcibly taken to concentration camps and some died there. These concentration camps for black people were mainly in areas such as Fredelikstad, Koekemoer and Klerksdorp 3434

NORTH-WEST SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE OR TAMBO ESCAPE ROUTE OR Tambo Escape Route Heritage Site is a Declaration of the site. route that was used by the late President of Interpretive Centre. the ANC to escape arrest by the apartheid Conservation and Management Plans. Exhibition. regime. In addition to that, the site has further political history as it was used by Umkhonto Wesizwe operatives involved in military operations. The sites has significance to the liberation struggle. 3535

NORTH-WEST SITE DESCRIPTION WORK TO BE DONE HUHUDI In Huhudi there exists an open circle with a Declaration of the site. rich political history of the era. The circle was Interpretive Centre. used by various political formations who were Conservation and Management Plans. involved in the liberation struggle. According Exhibition. to the oral history of residents, whenever there was a meeting, a whistle was blown to summon residents. The meetings were used to strategize against the actions of the apartheid regime. 3636

5. WAY FORWARD 5. 1 The projects will be presented to the IMC for its consideration. 3737