Portable music players- preferred sound levels and listening habits Kim R Kähäri Ph. D, Audiologist The Linneaus Centre HEAD and the institute for Disability Research, Örebro University & The Inst. for Neuroscience and Physiology Göteborg University, Sweden kim. kahari@neuro. gu. se
Structure Background Childrens leisure time activities and sound exposure Pilot studies done Pilot I: Stockholm Central Station 33 yrs Pilot II: Stockholm Culture House 16 yrs Ongoing studies Kids 9 years Adolescents 17 years
”The leisure habit study” 2005, in Göteborg, Sweden % of 41 754 girls and boys who listens to music > 3 times per week Years 10 -15 16 -18 Girls 81 94 Boys 65 89
What sound levels are our children exposed to? (Freestyles CD’s & Mp 3’s) LAeq= 83 -89 d. B (Hodgetts, Rieger & Szarko, 2007) and 110 d. B A in ear canal with probe michrophone LAeq= 80 d. B (Williams, 2005) 139 d. B SPL Max out 9 cd´s (Fligor & Cox 2004) d. B= 91 -121 LAeq (corrected för FF) +7 -9 d. B A with canalphones LAeq= 97 d. B (Hellström, 2001) LAeq= 82 d. B (Airo, Pekkarinen % Olkinuora, 1996) LAeq= 83. 4 d. B (Rice, Breslin & Roper, 1987)
3 reference studies Noise induced threshold shift (Niskar A. et al 2001) 6 -11 yrs 8. 5% 12 -19 15. 5% Constant Tinnitus (Widen SE, Erlandsson, 2004) 16 -17 yrs 6. 8 -10. 3 18 -19 yrs 14. 0 -19. 7 Often/always tinnitus (K-M Holgers 2001) 9 -16 yrs 16%
Pilots done, Örebro Univ. n= sex age= Listening durance Questionnaires SLM* Valid measurm. Pilot I 60 19 w /41 men 33 (SD=13. 2) 11 yrs 60 60 41 Pilot II 41 23 w/18 men 16 (SD= 1. 5) 4 yrs 41 41 38 SLM* = Sound level measurements
Stockholm Central Station
Pilot I N= 60 Mean=33 yrs Pilot II N= 41 Mean= 16 yrs Women N=19 % Men N=41 % Women N=23 % Men N=18 % Exposure 1 hr 42 30 35 18 2 hr 37 38 44 24 29 Volume setting: 25 % 16 7 4 - 50 21 24 36 33 75 37 44 50 44 100 21 24 9 22
Pilot I N= 60 Mean=33 yrs Pilot II N= 41 Mean= 16 yrs Women N=19 % Men N=41 % Women N=23 % Men N=18 % Listens daily 53 58 74 94 Sleeps with Mp 3 28 20 17 15 “Bad hearing” 22 32 26 28 Occlusion 6 2 9 - Tinnitus 11 20 9 - Sound sensitivity 17 10 26 - Hearing fatigue 17 - 17 6 - - 9 - Distortion
Pilots done, cont. I: Stockholm Central Station, 33 yrs (n=41) average d. B LAeq, FF, 60 sec = 83 (73. 4 -101. 8) average LA, FF max, 60 sec = 88. 5 (76. 5 -107. 4) II: Stockholm Culture House, 16 yrs (n=40) average d. B LAeq, FF, 60 sec = 81. 1 (57. 9 - 99. 1) average LA, FF max, 60 sec = 85. 2 (63. 2 -103. 9)
2009 -2010: Ongoing Study I Kids, 9 years Planned: N=500 Pure tone hearing thresholds Tests: Tympanometry Otoacoustic emissions DPOAE, SOA Questionnaire: Hearing and music listening habits
Kids, 9 yrs Some preliminary results N=102 5. 4% Show a SNITS*: (N=8/144 with normal compliance test) (8. 5% reference material 6 -11 yrs, Niskar et al 2001) 5 % have tinnitus on daily/always basis (16% often/always constant reference material 9 -16 yrs, Holgers 2001 (6. 8 -10. 3% reference material 16 -17 yrs, Widen, Erlandsson 2004) 62 % uses head phones/ Mp 3’s when listening to music 9 % uses head phones/ Mp 3’s on daily basis *SNITS: Suspected Noise induced threshold shift.
2009 -2010 Ongoing Study II Adolescents, 17 yrs. Questionnaire: Hearing and PMP listening habits to normal hearing & young hard of hearing A sample of 80 students to test: Tests: Pure tone hearing thresholds Tympanometry Otoacoustic emissions DPOAE, SOA Questionnaires: Hearing and PMP habits /music listening Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (Widen Olsen S. 2004) Sound level measurements: of PMP in laboratorie using KEMAR
Ongoing Study II Adolescents 17 years, preliminary results 329 68 60 52 % normal hearing hard of hearing has been tested in lab (both normal hearing & hard of h are frequent users (daily), most use 75% of max volume Typical activity when listening: Transportation (on bus, train, bicycle when walking)
Message 1) We can acknowledge the risk for future hearing damages 2) Consumer- friendly technique! Zero tolerance! Safe sound level limits, especially for childrens’ products. Spread knowledge to create awareness about risks
Noise and Health, 2010 1. Portable Music Players - Preferred Sound Levels and Listening Habits, Among Adults Kim R. Kähäri, T. Åslund, J. Olsson, 2010, submitted 2. Portable Music Players - Preferred Sound Levels and Listening Habits, Among Adolescents Kim R. Kähäri, T. Åslund, J. Olsson, 2010, on it’s way… 3. 4. Hopefully this fall, 2010
The team Carina Wikström – Audiologist Tobias Åslund - Sound Engineer Johannes Olsson - Sound Engineer Jenny Engelbrektsson – Audiologist Johanna Pernhall Breder – Audiologist AMMOT- The Soundheroes Acknowledgements Prof. Claes Möller, Audiological Research Center in Örebro FAS Hearing Center/CKV Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm The Swedish Association of Hard of Hearing People
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