Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life in the Gilded Age (1877 – 1900)
Laissez-faire Policies n n n Gilded Age – coined by Mark Twain “Hands off” policy toward business Subsidization of business Crooked politicians The Spoils System
Reforming the Spoils System n n 1829 - Andrew Jackson Dem. & Rep. both were guilty Pres. Hayes begun reform-no second term Stalwarts and Half. Breeds (R) Factions
Arthur Ends the Spoils System n n n James A. Garfield (R) won in 1880 July 2, 1881 -Killed by Charles Guiteau Lived for 3 months (VP) Chester A. Arthur is President Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)
Railroads, Tariffs, and Trusts n n 1884 & 1892 – Grover Cleveland (D) def. Blaine (R) Independents called “Mugwumps” ICA -(ICC) in 1887 Sherman A-T Act (1890) - Harrison (R) Lower Tariffs Cleveland (D) 1892
Immigrants from Europe n n n 1865 -1920 - 30 M immigrants came Freedom, Land, Opportunity, Jobs! Ellis Island, NYC (1892) 1865 -1890 “Old Immigrants” 1890 -1920 “New Immigrants”
Immigration from Asia n n Angel Island (S. F. ) From China and Japan Railroad Workers and later Mining, Farming, Factories Discrimination was most extreme for Asians
Urban Living Conditions n n n Farm machinery and immigration fueled growth of cities Poorly ran tenement apartments Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (1890)
The Rise of Political Machines n n Tammany Hall n Organizations to keep their political parties in power Spoils System, Patronage, Graft Ran by “bosses” & appealed to immigrants Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, NYC Cartoonist Thomas Nast
Let Us Prey (1871) – Thomas Nast
Ideas for Reform n n n Immigration – Nativists opposed it Prohibition – Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (1874) Vice – Immoral or Corrupt Behavior – NY Society for the Repression of Vice (1873) – Anthony (Comstock Laws) Social Gospel Movement – Charities Settlement Houses – Jane Addams (1889) founded Hull House in Chicago
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