POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE U S CONSTITUTION Lecture

POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE U. S. CONSTITUTION Lecture # 5

CONTENT OF THE LECTURE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Development of political thought in the U. S. Great American politicians History of creation of the U. S. Constitution The U. S. Constitution Recommended Readings Questions

U. S. A. ON THE GLOBE

NA COLONIES UNDER THE BRITISH RULE In 1775, 85% of the North American colonies were British or Irish origin, 9% - German, 4% - the Dutch During the XVIII century, the population was growing rapidly due to the high birth rate and immigration More than 90% of the population were farmers

DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE U. S. Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island

DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE U. S. Development of political thought in the United States took place in the most intense period of the struggle for independence (1775 - 1783)

DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE U. S. American politicians were divided into 2 groups: The supporters of the liberation war of the North American colonies, the democratic republic, the rights and freedoms of citizens, state independence and sovereignty of the people (B. Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson) The centralists-federalists (John Adams, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison)

AMERICAN POLITICIANS BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 -1790) American scientist and lexicographer In 1754, he put forward the idea of the military-political alliance of the English colonies in North America He is one of the authors of articles in the Declaration of Independence and the draft Federal Constitution

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 -1790) He was one of the first to emphasize the importance of a separate science of politics He became one of the founders and the first "American Society of Political Studies

THOMAS PAINE (1737 -1809) He was philosopher and popular writer of the American Revolution period He wrote the works such as "Human Rights" (1791), "The Age of Reason" (1795), etc. He marked and justified the idea of American independence

THOMAS PAINE (1737 -1809) He stressed that the business of America - a struggle for independence. It is the struggle for human rights against the tyranny and usurpation of power He divides government form into two types: rule based on elections and rule by hereditary (мұрагерлік/наследственный) right First - it is a republic, the second - the monarchy and the aristocracy. These forms are different and opposite, since they are based on two different principles: reason and ignorance

THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743 -1826) He was an outstanding statesman and public figure He was representative of the radical democratic currents in American political thought His most important work was The Declaration of Independence (1776)

HISTORY OF CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. A History of the Constitution of the USA cannot be separated from the struggle for independence, freedom and unification of the states into one state. The colonists demanded: Recognition of freedom of religion Non-interference in the affairs of local governments The right of citizens to choose officers The right to create their own military units The right to participate in the tax policy

HISTORY OF CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. A It is known that the traditional industrial North went on a military alliance with the slave-owning South against the British rule At this time, states have gone from voluntary military alliance to Confederation (1781)

HISTORY OF CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. A July 4, 1776 was proclaimed the U. S. independence Britain was trying to regain their colonies by force (1776 – 1783) In 1783 the British army surrendered to general Washington’s forces In 1783 in Paris peace treaty between the U. S. and the U. K was signed

HISTORY OF CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. A During this period, were created documents that have influenced the development of American democratic traditions. They are: - The Declaration of Independence of the U. S in 1776 (T. Jefferson) - Articles of Confederation (1781) They were actually the first Constitution of Interstate Union

U. S. CONSTITUTION The plan to write a new constitution was charged for the U. S. Constituent convention, assembled in 1787 under the chairmanship of George Washington The leading American lawyers and public figures of the state participated in the development of the Constitution Among them: James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and etc. The U. S. Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia

U. S. CONSTITUTION Analyzing historical experience, the authors of the Constitution came to the conclusion that if one person is focusing all power, it inevitably (күмәнсіз/неизбежно) leads to tyranny To prevent this, the power should be divided among the various organs of the state They should check each other As a result, each of the main power gets independence

U. S. CONSTITUTION A fundamental principle of the constitution was proclaimed the principle of separation of powers It suggests the independence of the 3 branches of the state: legislative, executive, judiciary and separation of functions between them

THE WHITE HOUSE

THE U. S. CONGRESS

THE U. S. SUPREME COURT

U. S. CONSTITUTION The U. S. Constitution is different by: logic (ойға қонымдылық/ разумность) clarity (айқындық/ясность) conciseness (қысқалық/краткость)

THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE U. S. CONSTITUTION: The rule of law and the power of the people Guarantees of rights and freedoms Separation of powers, checks and balances Federalism Post of an elected president as head of state Decentralization of court system (federal and state courts) U. S. is the only example of the classic presidential republic

U. S. CONSTITUTION The American Constitution has influenced the lawmaking around the world. Their rules were used in the preparation of the Constitution of Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Japan, Russia and other countries