POLITICAL THOUGHT OF RENAISSANCE Lecture 7

POLITICAL THOUGHT OF RENAISSANCE Lecture # 7

Content of the lecture: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction Ideas of Renaissance thinkers Conclusion Recommended readings

Introduction The rapid growth of economic development in Europe in the XVXVI centuries led to reducing the authority of the church This age of the revival of culture, science, philosophy, and the emergence of bourgeois relations, called the Renaissance

Europe in Renaissance (1470)

Introduction (II) In Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, France, intellectuals and artists in there work revived forgotten achievements of Greek and Roman antiquity This gave impetus to the development of humanity, education, political philosophy, etc

Ideas of the Renaissance Liberation from dogmas Philosophy was liberated from the influence of the church Philosophy stopped serving theology Ideas of humanism become a priority On the first place there was a person, as an individual with the inner world, absolutely autonomy and freedom

Ideas of the Renaissance Cult of beauty Renaissance culture imbued (толықтырылған/ наполняться) with the cult of beauty (aesthetics) Philosophy's mission was to search for harmony: in nature, in man and in society The basic ideal was Antiquity

Ideas of the Renaissance Anthropocentrism Leading historical direction of the Renaissance was anthropocentrism Man was in the center of the universe A person becomes a goal and a means of development

Ideas of the Renaissance Rationalism On the first place is critical thinking, as opposed to religious dogmas Dialectic method of thinking was reborn The world was as a unity of opposites

Ideas of the Renaissance Natural philosophy Renaissance natural philosophers see the cosmos and nature alive and as the integral organism They reject the idea of creation of the world by God They believed in convergence of God and nature God was seen as the power and harmony of nature

Renaissance thinkers Nicholas of Coosa (1401 -1464) German: Nikolas von Krebs, Latin: Nicolaus Cusanus He was a prominent thinker of the Renaissance Philosopher, mathematician and religious figure (Cardinal, Bishop) Nicholas Coosa was a follower of the ideas of Neo-Platonism

Nicholas of Coosa (1401 -1464) His philosophical idea was to unite the opposites together. Thus, the contradictions were resolved He believed that God is One and preached unity of environment The most important goal he considered was the embodiment (қосылуы/слияние)of peace and harmony, despite the objective differences He developed the idea of religious tolerance He was one of the first to recognize Islam for the right to exist

Nicholas Copernicus (1473 -1543) Nicholas Copernicus was a follower of Nicholas of Coosa Known as an astronomer, mathematician and engineer He was the founder of the heliocentric concept of the world Heliocentric system of the world - the idea that the Sun is the central celestial body around which turns the earth and other planets

Galileo Galilees (1564 -1642) Italian physicist, engineer, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher He first used a telescope to observe celestial bodies He made a number of outstanding astronomical discoveries Galileo - the founder of experimental physics

Giordano Bruno (1548 -1600) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher and poet He believed that there are unknown planets within our solar system He argued that the universe has the countless cosmic bodies He was condemned as a heretic by the Catholic Church and sentenced to death by burning

Nicola Machiavelli (1469 - 1527) He contrasted theological (religious) concepts of theory of secular (non-religious) state One of the main functions of the state is the protection of private property Machiavelli first draws attention to the ability of people to influence the government The best form of government was republic He settled need of secularism in his magnum opus "The Emperor"

Thomas More (1478 - 1535) "Utopia" was published in 1516 It essentially marked the beginning of a new ideological and political movement utopian socialism Ideal society and the state, when everybody was equal before the law Private property was destroyed and everything was in the public domain

Thomas More (1478 - 1535) Persons may work only 4 or 6 hours a day Rest of the time people devote to education Men and women have equal rights There was freedom of religion Authorities are elected by all people

Conclusion Renaissance thinkers turned to a serious study of man, society, nature, and had a strong influence on philosophical and scientific thought of the New Age

Recommended readings: Аблеев П. В. История мировой философии. М. , 2005 Соколов В. В. Средневековая философия. М. , 2009. Горфункель А. Х. Гуманизм и натурфилософия итальянского Возрождения. М. , 2003. Соколов В. В. Европейская философия XV– XVIII вв. М. , 2004. Штекль А. История средневековой философии. М. , 1996.