POLITICAL DIVISION OF ENGLAND Oksana Olšová MCR 2007

POLITICAL DIVISION OF ENGLAND Oksana Olšová, MCR (2007)

Union Jack § British national flag is called "Union Jack". § It symbolises the Union of England, Scotland Ireland dates back from 1801. § The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron saints of: § England (St George's red cross on a white field) § Ireland (St Patrick's red diagonals on a white field) § Scotland (St Andrew's white diagonals on a blue field) § Wales is not represented because when the flag first appeared it was already united with England.

ENGLAND § Is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. § 85% of the total population of the United Kingdom live there. § Population: 2006 - est. : 50, 690, 000 (2001 – census: 49, 138, 831) § Area: 130, 395 km² Constituent – základní, volební; Census – sčítání lidu;

ENGLAND 2 § England became a unified state during the 10 th century and takes its name from the Angles — one of a Germanic tribes who settled in the territory during the 5 th and 6 th centuries. § The capital city of England is London, which is the largest city in the British Isles and largest city in the European Union. § It was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution and was the first country in the world to become industrialised.

ENGLAND 3 § England is home to the Royal Society, which laid the foundations of modern experimental science. § England was the world's first parliamentary democracy. § The Kingdom of England was a separate state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.

The national floral emblem of England § Tudor Rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses. § The rose is used in a variety of contexts in its use for England's representation. the Royal Coat of Arms the British Twenty Pence coin Tudor Rose

Structure of administrative divisions of England Counties – hrabství; Unitary authorities – správní jednotky; Parish (GB) – obec; Boroughs – městský okres, obvod;

9 regions in England North East North West Yorkshire and the Humber East Midlands West Midlands (region) East of England Greater London South West South East

Greater London § The administrative area was created in 1965 and covers the created in and covers City of London and 32 London and boroughs. § In 2005 there was population of 7, 517, 700 people. § It covers 1579 km²

North-East England § The principal city is Newcastle. § Population: 2, 515, 479 (2001) § Consists of the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire.

Yorkshire and the Humber § § The principal cities are Leeds, Sheffield § The population in 2005 was 5, 854, 357. § It covers most of the historic county of Yorkshire: South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, part of North Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire, and part of Lincolnshire.

North West England § The principal cities are Liverpool, Manchester § The north of the region (that is, north Lancashire and Cumbria) is largely rural. § It has a population of 6, 729, 764. § Consists of the combined area of: Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside. Rural – venkovský, selský;

The West Midlands § The principal city is Birmingham. § § Population: 5, 267, 337 (2001) It covers the predominantly rural shire counties of Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, and Worcestershire. Predominantly – převážně; Shire – oblast, hrabsví;

The East Midlands § The principal city is Nottingham § Population: 4, 172, 179 (2001) § It consists of the combined area of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire and most of Lincolnshire.

The East of England § The principal city is Cambridge. § Its population as of the 2001 census was 5, 388, 140. § It includes Essex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Peterborough, Norfolk and Suffolk.

South East England § The principal city is Guildford. § Its population as of the 2001 census was 8, 000, 550 - the most populous English region. § It includes Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex.

South West England § It is the largest region in terms of area. § The principal cities are Bristol, Plymouth § Population: 4, 928, 458 people. § It includes Somerset, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall. In terms of – pokud jde o;

The Constitution § unwritten, based on traditions and common law § it´s easy to change it (by an Act of Parliament or by general agreement) § divides power between 3 independent branches: 1. legislative 2. executive 3. judicial

1. The LEGISLATIVE power: THE PARLIAMENT § makes laws, votes taxes and public expenses § checks the work of the Government (the Sovereign, the House of Commons, the House of Lords)

The Houses of Parliament

The Government § THE SOVEREIGN Ø Ø at present Queen Elizabeth II. mainly symbolical function (she takes part at ceremonials, traditional celebrations, . . ) she appoints ministers, judges and governors she is the head of the Armed Forces and of the Church of England § THE HOUSE OF LORDS Ø Ø Ø has over 1000 members the head is the Lord Chancellor made up of the Lords of Temporal (about 900), the Lords Spiritual (2 Archbishops of Canterbury and York + 24 bishops of the Church of England) Ø they sign the bills to consider it as a law, they can refuse bills got from The House of Commons § THE HOUSE OF COMMONS Ø consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs) – each represents a particular part of the country Ø they pass the bills Ø the Speaker (elected by MPs) = the chief officer - he presides over the house Ø elections – every 5 years Ø minimum voting age – 18 years Ø candidates must be over 21

§ Benches in the House of Commons Chamber are coloured green. § In contrast, the House of Lords is decorated in red.

2. The EXECUTIVE power: § THE GOVERNMENT § the head is Prime Minister (the leader of the party, which has the majority in The House of Commons) § Present PM is Tony Blair – the representative of the Labour Party (lives at 11 Downing Street) § he chooses his government ministers (about 20) = the Cabinet (formally appointed by the Queen) § the second strongest party forms an Opposition (Shadow-Cabinet) § the Prime Minister with the Cabinet have real political power

3. The JUDICIAL power: § THE SUPREME COURT § consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court of Justice Appeal – odvolávat se;

Political parties in the UK today: § The Labour Party - left wing, their program includes many social reforms and active social politics § The Conservative Party – right wing, they put more emphasis in private enterprise § The Liberals § Social and Liberal Democrats - left of centre § Scottish National Party (SNP) § Sinn Féin - the oldest political movement in Ireland Emphasis – důraz; Enterprise – podnikání;

Sources: § § § http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/England http: //www. bbc. co. uk/ http: //www. google. com/ http: //www. schrapnel. cz/skotsko/mapaanglie. htm http: //www. kralovstvimap. cz/katalog/velka-britanielondyn/7 Link label – odkaz na html stránce

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