Political and social life in KZ IN 1920

Political and social life in KZ IN 1920 -1940 -ies. Special Group of MECHANICS

• Political and social life in KZ in 1920 -1930 -ies. The most significant event-the decree about the formation of Kazakh autonomous soviet socialistic republic (26. 08. 1920). Later the meeting of soviets of Kaz. ASSR was held, where the controllers were elected and the declaration of the rights of workers was accepted. 1920 -1924 -the capital was Orenburg, 1920 -1922 the borders of Kaz. ASSR were discussed; as a result-adjoining of Semipalatinsk and Akmola regions. 1921 decree about the order of use of K. and R. languages. 1922 formation of USSR. 1924 -death of Lenin. 1925 -29 the capital Kyzyl-Orda. 1922 -1953 -Stalin’s governing. , was accompanied by numerous repressions, the strengthening of totalitarian system. 1937 -38 -mass repressions, creation of GULAG. Liquidation of illiteracy, education.

NEP IN KAZAKHSTAN NEP adopted in the spring of 1921. Basic direction of NEP was the replacement of prodrazverstka to prodnalog ("big bang" tax). NEP in Kazakhstan began late because in 1921 famine began in Kazakhstan. Hunger and jute were caused by the dry climate and the removal of 80% of rural economic production. In Western Kazakhstan from hunger suffered 82% of the population. In June 1921, Lenin signed a decree "On the natural meat tax", which released the peasants-nomads from meat tax. June 1921 - land-water reform had started. Objective of the reform: the return of land seized from the Kazakhs by tsarizm. In the land water reform has been of great assistance to the Union "Kosči" ("Union of the poor"). In 1922 Zhangildin organized awareness expedition-"Red caravan". The expedition has gone from Orenburg to Semipalatinsk and leave a “Red yurts”, which became the Centre of education in the villages. In 1921 there was first Congress of young Communists of Kazakhstan in Orenburg. Leader is Gani Muratbayev. In 1922 NEP began.

The results of NEP: 1) the number of cattle to the 1928 reached 40. 5 million heads. 2) Rudny Altai-the main center of non-ferrous metals industry of Kazakhstan. 3) 3/4 population of AUL to 1928 became middle peasants. 4) in 1921 created massive public organization of trade unions (all working population). 5) in 1921 adopted Decree "on the Exchange, which increased sales and opened 200 fairs. 6) in 1924 prodnalog steel charge money. In 1925, Stalin came to power in the country, abolished the NEP and returned to a policy of war communism.

U R R S

Socialist industrialization of Kazakhstan • The mobilization of resources by state planning expanded the country's industrial base. • Course on industrialization was taken in 1925 at the XIV Congress of the Communist Party. Industrialization in Kazakhstan coincided in the first five-year plan (1928 -1932). Industrialization in Kazakhstan was held by Goloshchekin (1925 -1933). • Industrialization in Kazakhstan began with the study of natural resources. Academician Gubkin proved that the richest oil reserves are concentrated in the Urals and Emba. Academician Kurnakov proved that Central Kazakhstan is a metallogenic zone. In the expedition of academician Kurnakov worked K. Satpayev.

• In 1942 Satpayev opened the richest Zhezkazgan deposit and was awarded the USSR State Prize. Goloshchekin put forward the idea of "Small October"- priority developed only industry of the raw materials. • Sadvakasov and Mynbayev were against the idea of "Small October". Sadvakasov wrote: "Kazakhstan was and remained a colony". Stalin called Goloschekin’s policy only correct policy. • From 1928 to 1932, peak iron output, necessary for further development of the industrial infrastructure rose from 3. 3 million to 6. 2 million tons per year. In real terms, the

Stalinist collectivization in Kazakhstan § 1928 witnessed the turning of the Soviet economic policies towards collectivization. This year also marked the end of the NEP, which had allowed peasants to sell their surpluses on the open market. Food demand intensified, especially in main grain producing regions, with new, forced approaches implemented. Upon joining kolkhozes (collective farms), peasants had to give up their private plots of land property, and the kolkhoz produce was sold to the state for a low price set by the state itself.

§ However, the natural progress of collectivization was slow, and the November 1929 Plenum of the Central Committee decided to implement accelerated, forced collectivization. Given the goals of the first Five Year Plan, the state sought increased political control of agriculture, hoping to feed the rapidly growing urban areas and to export grain, a source of foreign currency needed to import technologies necessary for heavy−industrialization.

• Political repressions of the 1920 -30 s • Soviet repression of the traditional elite, along with forced collectivization in late 1920 s 1930 s, brought mass hunger and led to unrest. Soviet rule, however, took hold, and a communist apparatus steadily worked to fully integrate Kazakhstan into the Soviet system. Kazakhstan experienced population inflows of thousands exiled from other parts of the Soviet Union during the 1930 s and later became home for hundreds of thousands evacuated from the Second World War Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic World War II effort. Political repression continued after the end of the civil war.

§ They have become endemic, with the beginning of the forced collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrialization in the late 1920 's early 1930 -ies as well as strengthening the personal power of Stalin. Mass political repression is one of the most tragic pages in the history of Kazakhstan. On the territory of Kazakhstan were the largest camp structure GULAG – ALZHIR, STEPLAG, KARLAG. The Republic almost turned into one big prison. During the years of repression in Kazakhstan it was exiled camp more than 5 million people.

• We can easily proof legitimacy of Germany in the sphere that people in this country believe for the policy of government. People in the country have all their needs, and even now when in the world very big crises Germany are the country that is stan From 1921 to 1954 in Kazakhstan, 100000 people were convicted, 25000 of which were applied to the shooting. In the period from 1937 to 1938, as a result of the policy of Small October began massive repression in Kazakhstan. All "wrong" under various pretexts were removed from the Republic. Many were removed from their posts. In 1928, were repressed former leaders of Alash Orda-Dulatuli, Zhumabayev, Aimauytov.

• The situation in the Republic of emergency – everywhere looking for enemies. For 33 years from 1920 to 1953, about 110 thousand people has been subjected to political repression, about 18% of all Kazakhstan party organization was declared as enemies of the people. A favorite object of Stalin's repressions were local party figures – the so-called national-evaders have. On Stalin's system they were subjected to moral and physical destruction.

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