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Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Comparison of extrapolation Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Comparison of extrapolation method and a method of dynamic dilutions with Nasal Ranger Field Olfactometer as two methods of odour concentration determination (an example of results of measurements at a mink farm) Prof. dr hab. eng. Joanna Kośmider, MSc Beata Krajewska

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Table of contents Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Aim and scope of the research 3. Methodology of measurements and calculations 4. Results 5. Conclusions

Introduction Introduction

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Introduction Determination of Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Introduction Determination of odour concentration in odourous releases at Point sources EN 13725: 2003, „Air quality - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry” Area sources No standard, various methods used

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Aim of the Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Aim of the research Comparison of two methods for determining odour concentration of emission releases at field conditions (mink farm) Odour intensity assessment Extrapolation method of S – log Z Weber-Fechner dependence Cod [ou/m 3] Dynamic dilutions with Nasal Ranger Field Olfactometer

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Scope of the Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Scope of the research Concentrated gas diffusing from an animal house sampled during 11 measurement sessions Odour intensity of 11 basic samples and 33 samples obtained on the way of diluting the basic ones evaluated by 6 panelists Determination of odour concentration of the air inside an animal house by 6 panelists during 11 measurement sessions with field dynamic olfactometer

Methodology Methodology

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Sampling methodology Stroehlein Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Sampling methodology Stroehlein sampling system Nalophan foil bags of 20 dm 3 capacity tipped with teflon tubes and plugs

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Sampling methodology Static Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Sampling methodology Static dilutions of a basic sample (Sample A) with odourless air with Hamilton syringes (500 cm 3 capacity) – preparing: - Sample B (dilution factor = 3), - Sample C (dilution factor = 9), - Sample D (dilution factor = 18).

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour intensity assessments Odour intensity scales: - verbal (odourless, faint, significant, strong, very strong), - point (0, 1, 2, 3) - scales of standards (e. g. n-butanol scale of standards) Ten aqueous solutions of n-butanol whose concentrations form a geometric sequence of 2. 86

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour intensity assessments 1. Determination of individual odour threshold by each panelist 2. Assessment of odour intensity of four samples (A, B, C, D) by comparison with the scale of standards

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour intensity assessments

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour intensity assessments 6

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour intensity assessments

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of odour intensity assessments

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Standard No Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Standard No of a Standard No zero assigned to No of a standard assigned to No zero Standard No of a the sample standard > 10 Standard No zero assigned to the sample No of a standard > 10 No zero assigned to the sample standard > 10 9 -10 x the sample > 10 9 -10 x > 10 9 -10 8 -9 7 -8 9 -10 8 -9 x 8 -9 6 -7 7 -8 6 -7 8 -9 7 -8 5 -6 6 -7 5 -6 4 -5 7 -8 6 -7 5 -6 4 -5 3 -4 5 -6 6 -7 4 -5 5 -6 3 -4 2 -3 4 -5 5 -6 4 -5 3 -4 2 -3 1 -2 3 -4 4 -5 3 -4 2 -3 1 -2 <1 2 -3 3 -4 2 -3 1 -2 <1 1 -2 2 -3 1 -2 <1 <1 1 -2 <1 x 4 xx xx X x x x S 6 = 2 x xx x of detemination of odour concentration sam les p an p sts eli Panelist I 6 Odour Sample X intensity, S Dilution factor, Z x A 7. 5 1 B 6 3 C 4. 5 9 D 2. 5 18 <1

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Extrapolation method Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Extrapolation method Weber-Fechner psychophisical law of detemination of odour concentration 6 X sts eli an p Span. I = 0, log Z ITE, pan. I = 7, 8/3, 9 = 2, Z ITE, pan. I = 10 2 = 100 cod = Z ITE, geom. mean

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Nasal Ranger Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Nasal Ranger dynamic olfactometry of detemination of odour concentration

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Nasal Ranger Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Nasal Ranger dynamic olfactometry of detemination of odour concentration Selectable dilution ratios: Adjustable breething speed: 2, 4, 7, 15, 30, 60 16 -20 dm 3/min.

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Nasal Ranger Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology Nasal Ranger dynamic olfactometry of detemination of odour concentration Measurement result D/T Dilution factor, Z (Vcleaned/Vcrude)NO ZYES ZNO ZITE 60 120 61 121 86 30 60 31 61 43 15 30 16 31 22 7 15 8 16 11 4 7 5 8 6 2 4 3 5 4 0 2 1 3 2 (Vcleaned/Vcrude)YES

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of detemination Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Methodology of detemination of odour concentration Compliance with EN 13725: „Air quality. Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry” 0. 2 < Z ITE/ Z ITE geom. mean < 5 was verified. If the results incompliant with the requirement - left out.

Results Results

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results of determinations Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results of determinations of odour intensity of the air inside of an animal house (basic samples A) Individual odour intensity assessment SI SIII SIV SV S VI SVIII Arithmetical mean of odour intensity, S mean M 1 7. 5 4 7 5 5 - - 6. 0 M 2 6. 5 5. 5 6. 5 - - 6. 2 M 3 5. 5 6 4 5 5 7 - - 5. 4 M 4 6. 5 7 4 5. 5 4. 5 6. 5 - - 5. 7 M 5 8 7. 5 7 5. 5 4. 5 7 - - 6. 6 M 6 7 6. 5 4. 5 6 6 7 - - 6. 2 M 7 8 6 4. 5 6 - - - 6. 2 M 8 7. 5 5 7 6 6. 5 - - 6. 6 M 9 7. 5 7 - 6. 5 6 7 - - 6. 8 M 10 7 - 4. 5 - 5. 5 6, 5 5. 5 6 5. 8 M 11 6. 5 5 - 6. 5 7 - 5. 5 - 6. 1 Series

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results Dependence of Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results Dependence of individual odour intensity assessment of the air in vicinity of cages with minks on the factor of dilution (Z) with pure air. An example concerning measurements carried out by the assessors I-VI within the M 2 series Cod = 20 ou/m 3 18 19 17 20 26 22

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results of measurements Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results of measurements of odour concentration (cod, NR [ou/m 3]) with use of Nasal Ranger M 1, M 2, M 3, … - measuring series 1, 2, 3…; I–VIII – symbols of a participant of the measurement Series Individual odour concentration estimate, ZITE, NR Geometrical mean cod, NR [ou/m 3] I II IV V VI VIII M 1 22 43 43 - - 34. 4 M 2 22 43 22 22 43 43 - - 30. 8 M 3 22 43 43 43 - - 38. 5 M 4 43 86 86 43 43 43 - - 54. 2 M 5 43 86 43 22 - - 48. 5 M 6 22 22 22 43 22 22 - - 24. 6 M 7 43 43 22 43 43 - - - 37. 6 M 8 86 43 43 43 86 43 - - 54. 2 M 9 22 43 - 43 43 22 - - 32. 9 M 10 43 - 22 - 43 43 43 11 30. 6 M 11 43 22 - 22 86 - 43. 4

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results Comparing results Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Results Comparing results of odour concentration measurements cod [ou/m 3] conducted with use of Nasal Ranger (cod, NR) and n-butanol odour intensity scale cod, WF); M 1, M 2, M 3 – symbols of measurement series, dotted line - cod, NR = cod, WF; blacked-out area: 0. 5 cod, WF cod, NR 2 cod, WF

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Conclusions 1. Results Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Conclusions 1. Results of odour concentration situated within the scope to 60 ou/m 3 and carried out with use of Nasal Ranger, are compliant with the results obtained on the basis of odour intensity assessments to a satisfactory degree (utilizing n-butanol scale and Weber-Fechner law). 2. Precision of measurements conducted with a field olfactometer can be probably increased by exchanging some parts of Nasal Ranger for odourless ones. 3. Precision of measurements conducted with use of field olfactometer can be probably enlarged by resigning from conforming to requirements concerning intensity of breathing through the filter. This will allow assessors for full concentration on olfactory sensations, and additionally will increase the time of using the filter to the moment of bleeding.

Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Thank you for Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin Thank you for your kind attention!