PLANT BIOINDICATION Milana Malyshava
Bioindication is a method to assess changes in organisms or ecosystems induced by anthropogenic environmental influences. The results obtained can be used to estimate the pollution load in environment components, for example soil, air or water.
Plant bioindication of atmospheric pollution is a relatively simple and flexible technique for observation and analysis of the reactions of vegetation exposed to polluted environments under natural conditions.
In practice, plant bioindication is applied in two forms: * passive bioindication, that is utilisation of endemic vegetation or * active bioindication, that is utilisation of selected plants cultivated in pots.
Whether bioindication be passive or active, this technique always applies to two types of plants: * bioindicators (plants, sensitive to pollutants) as an object of observation of necrosis and/or biochemical analysis or * bioaccumulators (plants, resistant to pollutants) as an object of analysis of the pollutants' internal concentrations.
In the utilization of these different categories of plants, the essential goal of plant bioindication is to detect the presence of a pollutant, to identify its zone of impact, and to have an idea of its concentration in the atmosphere.
Because of these advantages (integration of the pollutants' biological effect, easy following, quick detection and obtaining of results, low cost), plant bioindication as an additional facility to the physico-chemical apparatus networks, turns to be an increasingly useful source for characterisation or following of air quality.
Owing to the biological information on the impact of pollutants on live organisms given by the presence of leaf necrosis on plant bioindicators, the latter are now used to visually make city population aware of the air pollution problem.
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