Plan Radyasyon Tipleri Yarı ömür

Plan • • • Radyasyon Tipleri Yarı ömür Fisyon (Çekirdek Parçalanması) Füzyon (Çekirdek Kaynaşması) Zincir Reaksiyon Nükleer Silahlar

Temel Parçaçıklar Kütle Numarası Proton Sayısı A Z X proton 1 p , 1 H 1 1 nötron 1 n 0 elektron 0 b 0 -1 e , -1 Beta (pozitron) 0 0 +1 e , +1 b A 1 1 0 0 4 Z 1 0 -1 +1 2 a taneciği 4 He , 4 a 2 2

Determining Half Lives and Dating Uranium-238 Dating 238 U 206 Pb + 8 4 a + 6 0 b 92 82 2 -1 t½ = 4. 51 x 109 years Radiocarbon Dating 14 N + 1 n 14 C + 1 H 0 7 6 1 14 C 14 N + 0 b + n 6 7 -1 t½ = 5730 years

Fisyon Olayı Atom Bombası Nükleer Santraller

Ne kadar enerji elde ediyoruz? • 1 g 235 U= 9 x 107 kj • 1 g kömür= 34 kj • 1 g TNT= 2, 8 kj

Chain Reaction

Nuclear Fission Schematic diagram of a nuclear fission reactor

The first atom bomb test at the Trinity site in Alamogordo, New Mexico

nuclear bomb crater at nevada

Little Boy-Hiroşimaya atıldı Nagazaki Semaları Fat Man-Nagazakiye atıldı

Füzyon Olayı Hidrojen Bombası

Nükleer Füzyon 2 H 1 + 3 H 1 4 He 2 + 1 n + 0 Güneş ve Yıldızlarda meydana gelir Energy

Sta Temperature K ge Fusion Reaction 2 H + 2 H 3 H + 1 H 1 1 6. 3 x 10 -13 J 2 H + 3 H 4 He + 1 n 2 1 0 1 2. 8 x 10 -12 J 6 Li + 2 H 2 4 He 2 3 1 3. 6 x 10 -12 J Fusion reactions in stars • First generation stars – From products of Big Bang • Protons, electrons and residual neutrons – Fusion up to Fe – Supernova 1 10, 000 H He 2 100, 000 He C & O 3 500, 000 C & O Si 4 Energy Released Reactions 5, 000, 000 Si Fe • Second generation stars – From products of supernova of first generation star – Our sun –fusion starting with H – Heavier elements on planets!!

Peki Füzyon Olayı Nükleer Santralde Kullanılıyor mu?

United States First nuclear test: 1945 Most recent nuclear test: 1992 Total tests: 1, 030 (815 underground) Russia First nuclear test: 1949 Most recent nuclear test: 1990 Total tests: 715 (496 underground) United Kingdom First nuclear test: 1952 Most recent nuclear test: 1991 Total tests: 45 (24 underground) China First nuclear test: 1964 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 43 (22 underground) France First nuclear test: 1960 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 210 (160 underground) Israel No Nuclear Tests 150 -350 estimated nuclear weapons India First nuclear test: 1974 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 7 Pakistan First nuclear test: 1998 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 6 North Korea No Nuclear Tests 5 -15 estimated nuclear weapons

Chernobyl Kazası