PHYSIOLOGY ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET COMPARATIVE ITINERARY

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET COMPARATIVE ITINERARY OF SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL TEST TEAM 1998 – 99 Season 1970 – 71 Season 8 Test Matches x 5 days = 40 4 Test Matches x 5 days = 20 17 ODI’s x 1 day = 17 0 ODI’s x 1 day =0 8 County x 4 days = 32 4 County x 4 days = 16 10 County ODI’s x 1 day = 10 3 County ODI’s x 1 day = 3 Total Increased by 280 % = 99 Total = 35

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Work Analysis – 1953 Ashes Series (Fletcher 1955) 5 Test Matches Allocated time Lost to English weather Out of play Actual hours of play Batting : 150 hrs : 46 hrs : 4 hrs : 100 hrs Bowling Runs Scored : 4363 Overs Bowled Runs per hr : 43. 6 Fielding Average bowler Runs run per hr : 26. 6 Each batsman ran (20 m per run) : 500 m / hr : 1833 Fielders fielded : 12 overs / day Total deliveries Fielded by fielders : 8099 : 11026 : 8. 1 balls / hr

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Mean Daily Physical Activity for a Player (Fletcher 1955) Batting : 38. 5 mins scoring 14 runs Bowling : 14 mins bowling 4. 2 overs Fielding : 116 mins balls fielded 16 balls Pavilion : 191. 5 mins Mean Rate of Energy Expenditure : 86. 4 kcal m 2 h = 650 kjh

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET 1954 MCC Tour Of Australia and New Zealand Sir Leonard Hutton Fitness Guidelines : Ø Each player is responsible for his own fitness Ø He must be well rested and must not over train in practice Ø He should exercise only very mildly on off days Ø He may swim, play tennis or golf in the early morning Ø He must stay out of the midday sun 1986 Edition Of The Lord Taverners Cricket Clinic : Ø To develop stamina run, skip or cycle 10 to 20 mins in season Ø To develop strength : push up, sit ups and swing the bat Ø To enhance mobility, wide stride sitting, toe touching and head and shoulder circling

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Sitting Standing Average test cricketer Fielding Bowling Batting Walking (6 km x h -1) Tennis Batting at nets Bowling at nets Squash Running (10 km x h-1) 0 100 200 kcal x 300 m-2 xh 400 500 -1 Energy demands of different cricketing activities, including batting, bowling and fielding, compared with other sports. Fletcher (1955)

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Peak Physical Activity For A Batsman / Bowler In An ODI Match Batsman Runs Scored Distance Run (m) 50 x 1 1000 20 x 2 800 10 x 3 600 20 x 4 800 Total 3200 Note : Number of decelerations = 110 Overall average running speed = 24 kmph (60 runs each of 3 secs = 3. 2 km covered in 8 mins) Bowler Ø Fast bowler delivers 60 deliveries in 40 mins Ø Runs 1. 9 km in 5. 3 mins at an average speed of 21. 6 kmph Ø Delivery action 64 secs of upper body action, 64 secs of lower body deceleration

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Models For Understanding The Physiological Demands Of Cricket The classic cardiovascular – anaerobic model The energy supply -- energy depletion model The muscle power -- muscle recruitment model

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Models For Understanding The Physiological Demands Of Cricket The classic cardiovascular – anaerobic model The energy supply -- energy depletion model The muscle power -- muscle recruitment model

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Aerobic lipolysis Phosphagens (ATP + PCr) Oxygen Independent glycolysis 60% Oxygen glycolysis 44% 6 seconds 8% Aerobic lipolysis Independent glycolysis 35% 56% independent Oxygen Glycolysis 50% Aerobic glycolysis 40% 65% 92% 50% 30 seconds 120 seconds 40 minutes 5 hours Duration of Activity Postulated contributions (% of total energy) from the different metabolic energy systems used during activities lasting different durations. Note the predominant contribution from oxygen-independent glycolysis and the phosphagens in activities of short duration (less than 40 s) typical of cricket

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Models For Understanding The Physiological Demands Of Cricket The classic cardiovascular – anaerobic model The energy supply -- energy depletion model The muscle power -- muscle recruitment model

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Various Sports : Predominant Energy Systems % Emphasis per Energy Systems ATP-PC Sports or Sports Activity and LA LA-02 02 Baseball/Cricket 80 20 - Basketball 85 15 - Field hockey 60 20 20 Golf 95 5 - Soccer 80 20 - Tennis 70 20 10

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Definitions Of Various Training Methods & Development Of The Energy Systems Training Method Acceleration Sprints Hollow Sprints Interval training Sprint training % Emphasis per Energy Systems ATP-PC Definition and LA LA-02 Gradual Increase in running speed from jogging to striding to sprinting in 50 – 120 yd segments Two sprints interrupted by “hollow” periods of jogging or walking Repeated periods of work interspersed with periods of relief Repeated sprints at maximum speed with complete recovery between repeats 02 90 5 5 85 10 5 0 – 80 0 - 80 90 6 4

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET Models For Understanding The Physiological Demands Of Cricket The classic cardiovascular – anaerobic model The energy supply -- energy depletion model The muscle power -- muscle recruitment model

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET 200 20 Cricket 180 18 Batters Bowlers 160 16 Rugby 140 14 Backline players Loose forwards 120 12 100 10 80 8 60 6 40 4 20 2 0 Height Mass VO 2 max Shuttle run Body fat (cm) (kg) (ml x kg -1 x min-1) (number) (%) Comparison of ‘aerobic’ physiological characteristics of South African international cricketers and rugby players. Rugby players are taller and heavier than cricketers 0

PHYSIOLOGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CRICKET 8 Cricket Batters Bowlers 6 Rugby Backline players Loose forwards 4 2 0 Leg press (kg x kg-1) Bench press (kg x kg -1) 35 m sprint (s) Comparison of ‘anaerobic’ physiological characteristics of South African international cricketers and rugby players

GROWTH SPURTS IN CHILDREN 1. 6 -8 Years (stretching phase) Period of intensified increase in Length. 2. 9 -12 Years. Phase of intensified growth in breadth. 3. 11 -12 to 14 -15 Years for Girls. 12 -13 to 15 -16 Years for Boys. Phase of intensified growth in Length (stretching Phase). 4. 14 -15 to 16 -17 Years for Girls. 15 -16 to 18 -19 Years for Boys. Phase of intensified growth in Breadth (Filling Phase).

Long Term Physical Fitness Development – Age Related Goals AIMS : In order to get the most out of training based on Maturation Principles Ø To achieve progressive adaptation to the demands of the game Ø Minimise the risk of injury and burn out Maximum Fitness Parameters Age Maturation 6– 8 9 – 11 12 – 14 15 – 17 18 – 20 20 Above Flexibility 12 – 14 2 3 3 4 4 > Co-ordination 12 – 14 1 2 3 3 3 > Speed – Reaction 16 – 18 1 1 2 3 3 > Speed – Endurance 18 – 20 ~ ~ 1 2 3 > Speed – Acceleration 20 – 25 1 1 2 3 3 > Aerobic – Endurance 20 – 25 1 1 2 3 3 > Anaerobic – Endurance 18 – 20 ~ ~ 1 2 3 > Strength – Maximum 23 – 25 ~ ~ 1 2 3 > Strength – Explosive 20 – 23 ~ ~ 1 2 3 > Strength – Endurance 23 – 25 ~ ~ 1 2 3 > Age and performance related goals: Commencement of Training 1 – 2 sessions per week Intermediate Level of Training 2 – 4 sessions per week Advance Level of Training 4 or > sessions per week

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