Physical Activity Across the Lifespan Janet Purath Ph

Physical Activity Across the Lifespan Janet Purath, Ph. D, APRN, BC Michele Shaw, Ph. D, RN

Objectives o Describe physical activity levels across the lifespan and across the globe o Discuss types of physical activity o Discuss health benefits of physical activity

Importance of Changing Health Behaviors o Shift from infectious disease to chronic and/or degenerative illnesses emphasizes the need for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention o Healthy behaviors lead to: – Increased longevity – Reduced disability rates – Better mental health and cognitive function – Lower healthcare costs

Definition and Significance o Physical activity: – Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. – Lack of physical activity is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, and overall is estimated to cause 1. 9 million deaths globally. o Source: WHO: Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health

Physical Inactivity: A Global Public Health Problem

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Physical Activity Recommendations o Everyone should participate in a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity every day. o Young people are encouraged to aim for 60 minutes of physical activity per day.

Modes of Physical Activity o Lifestyle – Work – Leisure – Household o Transportation o Exercise

Types of Physical Activity o Aerobic o Muscle strengthening o Bone Strengthening o Balance o Flexibility

Risk Populations o Global trends in physical inactivity are of particular concern in certain high risk populations – Older adults, women and young people. http: //www. who. int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/index. html

Older Adults o World-wide population is aging. o By 2030, 55 countries are expected to see their 65 and older populations at least 20 percent of their total. o By 2040, the global population is projected to number 1. 3 billion older people—accounting for 14 percent of the total.

Evidence of Benefits for Older Adults o Improved: – Function and quality of life – Balance and strength – Coordination and motor control – Flexibility – Endurance – Mental health and cognition o Decreases risk of falls o More interaction with people of all ages

Sarcopenia o Definition o Consequences – decreased in resting energy expenditure – decreased insulin sensitivity – diminished muscle strength – increased risk of disability and falls – increased risk for mortality

Recommendations o Older adults should engage: – in moderate intensity activity at least 150 minutes or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week – in strength activities 2 or more days per week. – in balance activity if they have risk for falls o Source: 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans

Physical Activity and Women o Why is this important? o Benefits – Decrease in specific diseases – Improved mental health and self esteem

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http: //www. waterencyclopedia. com/Da-En/Developing. Countries-Issues-in. html Activity for Low-income and Rural Women

Physical Activity and Young People o Why is this important? – Active children are more likely to grow up to be active adults. – Increased activity = positive health outcomes • • • Controlling weight Decreasing blood pressure Lessons risk of diabetes & some cancers Reduces asthma symptoms and severity Psycho-social benefits

Physical Activity and Young People – All children ages 2 and older should participate in at least 30 minutes of age appropriate physical activities every day. – 5 -18 year olds should aim for a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day.

Definitions for Young People o Aerobic o Muscle Strengthening o Bone Strengthening

What activities count? o Moderate Intensity Aerobic Activities: – Children: • Bicycle riding • Walking • Active recreation – Adolescents: • • Yard work or house work Playing games involving catching/throwing Brisk walking Active recreation

What activities count? o Vigorous-Intensity Aerobic Activities: – Active games including running & chasing – Bicycling – Running – Vigorous Dancing – Sports (swimming, basketball, soccer)

What activities count? o Bone-Strengthening Activities: – Jumping, hopping, skipping – Running – Jumping rope – Sports: gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, futbol

Encouraging Physical Activity Among Young People o Adults as positive role models o Provide equipment o Encourage play with friends o Make activity part of family life o Require safety (bike helmets, wrist/knee pads, traffic issues, environmental considerations)

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Summary Increasing Physical Activity across the lifespan and across the globe can significantly improve world health.

Contact Information Michele Shaw, Ph. D, RN michele_shaw@wsu. edu Janet Purath, Ph. D, APRN, BC jpurath@wsu. edu