Phonics Objectives Lesson 1 Introduction to phonics 1

Phonics Objectives Lesson 1: Introduction to phonics 1: Lesson 2 : Consonant clusters : Lesson 3 : Puzzling sounds : Lesson 4 : Syllables and word stress : Lesson 5 : Intonation :

Phonics Aims 1. To teach students the basic ideas about reading with phonics. 2. To show students that when they read with phonics, they can read words by saying the sounds that letters make. 3. To teach students how to read sight words. Sight word is a word that does not follow the normal phonic rules. 4. To show students how to use the dictionary to find the pronunciation of words.

Phonics Objectives Lesson 1 : Introduction to phonics 1. To help students learning the sounds made by the alphabets. 2. To teach short and long vowels. 3. To help students learning consonants. Teaching method 1. Power. Point slide presentation 2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics Objectives Lesson 2 : Consonant clusters 1. To teach students the consonant clusters. 2. To help students learning double consonants, blends, digraphs. Teaching method 1. Power. Point slide presentation 2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics Objectives Lesson 3 : Puzzling sounds 1. To teach students homophones. 2. To help students learning sounds of past tense endings, soft ‘c’ and ‘g’. 3. To help students learning ‘r’ as a vowel modifier. Teaching method 1. Power. Point slide presentation 2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics Objectives Lesson 4 : Syllables 1. To teach students the syllables of words 2. To help students learning word stresses. 3. To show students how to use the dictionary to find the pronunciation of words. Teaching method 1. Power. Point slide presentation 2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics Objectives Lesson 5 : Intonation 1. To teach students the stresses in phrases or sentences. 2. To help students learning the stress rules. 3. To teach students how to read out sentences with correct stress patterns. Teaching method 1. Power. Point slide presentation 2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics Lesson One Lesson Introduction to Phonics Hello!

Phonics is the process of learning through the relationship between letters and combination of letters and the sounds that go with them.

Phonics approach helps you ‘sounding out’ new words.

English has only 26 letters But 44 different sounds 5 written vowels: ( a, e, i, o, u 母音) 20 different vowel sounds 21 written consonants ( 子音) 24 consonant sounds

Difficult to read out English words because: 1. Single letter - different sounds apple alwaysout Try to read these words about acorn artist

Difficult to read out English words because: 2. Different letters –same sound be police tree quay sea people piece complete seize key

Vowels a, e, i, o, u Short vowels a, e, i, o, u These letters are called vowels. You can sometimes hear their sounds in the middle of words. Trace the vowel sound in each word: cat nest win rock tub

Try it yourself… A a B _ g a R _ g a S _ t a P _ t a L _ p E I O U u e i H _ n P _ n D _ t o Put the short vowel T _ b i o oo e P _ n T _ n F _ g M _ d sounds into these e i u T _ n S _ p L _ t F _ n o words. Say the words. e u i o S _ t Ch _ p St _ p B _ n e o u i L _ t F _ g Ch _ p Cl _ b

Long vowels: Sometimes the vowels ‘say their names’ i. e. , they have the same sound as letters of the alphabet. When they do this they are called LONG vowels. A : play, cage, way E : see, feet, eat I : pie, kite, try O : rope, old, grow U : tube suit, you

‘Magic e’ When ‘e’ is written at the end of a 3 letter word or a 4 letter word, the short vowel sound changes to a long vowel sound. Short vowel tap pip not mat bit hop Long vowel A tape magic ! pipe note mate bite hope

Try it yourself… A E I O U a B _ ke Ee _ _ l i T _ e o Sn _ w u M _ sic a St _ y ee F _ _ l i F _ ve o G _ o u C _ be Put the long vowel long a i ee o M _ ke Tr _ _ Sl _ ce G _ es sounds into these a i o ee L _ ke Ch _ _se P _ e Bl _ w words. Say the words. a S _ y i ee Wh _ _l Sl _ de o T _ e u S _ it u R _ le u P _ pil

Single consonants and short vowels Pattern Position Single consonants Initial Short vowels Example b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z Initial & middle a : apple bat e : elephant pet i : ink tin o : orange pot u : umbrella jug

Common Patterns ( I ) Consonant – vowel (c-v) Example: to go be do no Vowel – consonant (v-c) Example: an at in it on up us

Common Patterns ( II ) Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c) Rhyming words with different initial consonants Example: man can ran pan van fan

Common Patterns ( III ) Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c) Words with different final consonants Example: man mat mad map

Common Patterns ( IV ) Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c) Words with different mid short vowels Example: pan pen pin

Try yourself Colour the vowels If the word has a short vowel sound, colour the word red If the word has a long vowel sound, colour the word green page went so tree leaf teddy cup cap sad nose pie tie

Oral Practice – Tongue Twister Betty Botter - I Betty Botter bought some butter, But, she said, the butter’s bitter If I put it in my batter It will make my batter bitter But a bit of better butter Will make my batter better.

Oral Practice – Tongue Twister Betty Botter - II So she bought a bit of butter, Better than her bitter butter, And she put it in her batter, And the batter was not bitter. So it was better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter.

Oral Practice – Rhyme Baa, Black Sheep Baa, black sheep, Have you any wool? Yes, sir, yes, sir, Three bags full; One for the master, And one for the dame, And one for the little boy Who lives down the lane.

Phonics Lesson Two Lesson Consonant Clusters

Consonant Clusters Double consonants - two identical consonants which sound like a single consonant in the final position L L L

Consonant Clusters Blends - two consonants ‘blended’ together to form a new sound l b bl

Consonant Clusters Digraphs - two letters joined together to form a new single sound which is quite different from their separate sounds c h ch

Pattern Double consonants Blends Digraphs Position Final Initial Example _bb _dd _gg _ll _ss _ff _zz and _ck bl_ br_ sc_ st_ cl_ fl_ gl_ pl_ sl_ cr_ dr_ fr_ gr_ pr_ tr_ sk_ sl_ sm_ sn_ sp_ sw_ ch, sh, th, ph, wh, qu Words Pill pull bell bull flat drip step shop this much must mush

Pattern Blends & Digraphs ‘n’ and ‘m’ blends Position Finals Example _sh, _ch, _st, sk, _sp, _st, _th, _tch _nd, _nch, _ng, _nk, _mp, _nt Words last list lost and band land hand stand camp damp lamp stamp

Try it yourself! Select the word that rhymes in each group.

Exercise 1 Double consonants bell well sell tell shell fell tall till

Answer 1 Double consonants bell well shell fell Good! tell

Exercise 2 Double consonants bill pill mill well fill hill wall

Answer 2 Double consonants bill pill mill will fill hill Well Done!

Exercise 3 bead Vowels need weed sell sheep lead feed seed

Answer 3 bead Vowels need weed lead feed Excellent! seed

Exercise 4 Vowels bed fed head rod wed said red

Answer 4 Vowels bed fed head wed said Bravo! red

Discussion ? ? sail ? ? Good Work! Now discuss with your classmates to find out words that rhyme with ‘sail’.

Which blend? Say out the word. Mark the blend at the beginning of each word.

Which blend? star sw st sn pl sm tr sn st sw snake plane

Which blend? spoon sl bl sp glass st gl dr cr sm dr dress

Which blend? crayon trousers cr sm pl gl fr fl fr tr cr tr frog

Which blend? flower pl fr tr grape st br gr sm st tr smile

Blending riddle Match the words that rhyme.

Blending riddle where shop chin chew there then cheese thin chop these when

More sounds Say out the word. Circle the blend at the finals of each word.

More sounds ld nt nt plant paint nt nt went old ld nd nd band hold ld friend nd cold ld nt front find nd nd end want nt

ch and sh Which begins with ch? Which begins with sh?

ch and sh ship chair shop chicken church chain shoes

Finish the words All of these words have ‘sh’ or ‘ch’ in sh ch them. Read the words. Fill in the spaces.

Finish the words c _ _ h est c _ whi _ h s h arp __ c_ pit _ h c _ ri _ h c h in __ c h eck __ s_ bu_ h s _ _ h ine pat c h __ da s h __ sh wi _ _ di s h __ sh su _ _ s h ake __

Finish the words (Hints) Read this words: check crash chapatti wish such dish rush which dash pitch patch shake chin sheet rich shine sharp shell bush chatter chest

Sounds like … Find out which object begins with which sound.

Sounds like … Crane Truck Cr Tr Tree Crab Crown Train Crack Crayon Triangle Trousers Trumpet cross

Which ones? Select pictures in each row that begin with the sound.

Which ones? Plate Plant Blouse Flower Cloud Blow Fly Flag Clock Clown Sledge Plum Slide

Which ones blend? Find out which object begins with which sound.

Which ones blend? Bread Drink Bridge Drum Frog Frying-pan Grape Grass Prize Pram Dress Fruit Grasshopper Present

Say the sounds Find out which object begins with which sound.

Say the sounds Skip Skirt Skate Smile Smoke Snowman Snail Spoon Spider Star Swimming Small Snake Spade Stairs Swan Swing

Riddle 1 You use me every day. You see me on your feet. I begin with the same sound in the words ‘show’, ‘short’ and ‘shone’. Shoes

Riddle 2 You see me in the circus. I have a red round nose. I wear big, colourful clothes. I make children laugh. I begin with the same sound in the words ‘cloud’, ‘clean’ and ‘class’. clown

Riddle 3 I am round. You use me when you eat. I begin with the same sound in the words ‘play’, ‘please’ and ‘place’. Plate

Riddle 4 I have four legs. You sit on me every day. I begin with the same sound in the words ‘church’, ‘cherry’ and ‘chop’. Chair

Phonics Lesson Three Lesson Puzzling sounds

Homophones Words that sound exactly the same, but have different meanings and different spellings. Hello! Bonjour!

Homophones whole, hole You could dig the biggest hole in the whole world.

Homophones bear, bare A bear might attack you when you walk through the forest with bare feet.

Homophones The wet dog should pause at the door to have his paws wiped. paws, pause

Solve these homophone clues: a i r 1. You breathe it _ _ _ heir Something is left to him in a will _ _ aloud 2. Read _ _ _ They let you do something , you’re allowed _ _ _ _ ate 3. You did it at dinner yesterday _ _ _ eight It’s a number _ _ _ brake 4. You stop your bike with it _ _ _ brea If you drop an egg, it will _ _ _k flower 5. You pick it in the garden _ _ _ flour You make a cake with it _ _ _

Past tense endings There are 3 ways to pronounce past tense ending ‘-ed’. Sound /t/ Ending Example s, sh, k, p + ed wished, asked, hoped /d/ others + ed /id/ t, d + ed played, rained hated, ended

Past tense endings /id/ sound e. g. mended /t/ sound e. g. danced 1 syllable 2 syllables /d/ sound e. g. played 1 syllable

Some special sounds ‘soft’ c (sounds like /s/) city ice pencil cent city

Some special sounds ‘soft’ g (sounds like /j/) gentle giant cage ginger change

Try it yourself! One is ‘g’ as in goose or ‘g’ makes game. two We different call this ‘hard g’. sounds. goose game goat

Try it yourself! One is ‘g’ as in giant or gem. We call this ‘soft g’. It sounds ‘j’. gem giraffe giant

‘r’ as a vowel modifier when an ‘r’ comes after a vowel, the ‘r’ makes the vowel sound different

Pattern Position R modifies short vowels All R modifies vowel blends Final Modification by w Initial Example ar: car, arm, part, shark er: after, sister ir: bird ur: burn eer: deer ear: near, tear(long) ear: wear, pear (short) air: hair, pair, fair are: care, dare, scare or sounds like: worm world ar sounds like: warm

Try it yourself! Each of the following a words has an ‘r’ after a car vowel. bird i Find the words. star a i corn girl o o port

Phonics Lesson Four Lesson Syllables and Word stress

Syllables English words break into sound units, or beats, which are called ‘syllables’. Every syllable contains at least one vowel.

Syllables We need to say words aloud to find out how many syllables they have. We have to think about how they sound, not how they look.

Syllables Breaking words into syllables will help us to work out how to spell them. d-i-c-t-a-t-i-o-n dic-ta-tion

1 -syllable 2 -syllable 3 -syllable 4 -syllable I ago dictation composition communication responsibility do father potato television much letter understand comparison photosynthesis small picture animal spring 5 -syllable supernatural 6 -syllable Mediterranean Encyclopaedia potentiality

Example When nine thousand aliens landed in the school playground, our headteacher went wild. When nine thou-sand a-li-ens lan-ded in the 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 school play-ground, our head-teach-er went 1 wild. 1 2 1 3 1

Try it yourself! Count the number of syllables in each word.

Try it yourself! Spelling isn’t hard, 2 2 1 Once you know some of the tricks, 1 1 2 Good 1 Work!1 Divide the word into syllables, 2 1 1 2 That makes it easy. 1 1 1 2 3

Word stress dictation compositio n absolutely potato reliable Listen to your How many syllables Which syllable is teacher reading do these words more loudly read by these words have? your teacher?

Try it yourself! letter college Where are the compare school stressed syllables? happily discovery

Word with 2 syllables The stress is on the first syllable if the word ends in: -ic(s) -ia -(i)on -ior music, physics, phonics Asia, Sonia nation, poison, season junior, senior -ive -ous -ure passive, active famous, conscious picture, capture

Word with 2 syllables The stress is on the first syllable if the word ends in: Continue… -som(e) -le -al -e/ant handsome, seldom little, uncle, bible medal, total moment, servant -en -age -ry garden, driven, kitten passage, courage story, history

Word with 2 syllables The stress is on the last syllable if the word ends in: -aim -cur -duce -eem proclaim occur reduce esteem -irm -ose confirm oppose

Word with 2 syllables The stress is on the last syllable if the word ends in: Continue… -ume -ide, -ite -self -ote resume divide, decide, recite himself promote -ert insert -ect/act react

Word with 2 syllables The stress is on different syllables when the word is in different forms: Noun (Stress on the first Syllable) Verb (Stress on the last syllable) subject record conduct object produce contract transfer

Word with 2 syllables The stress is on different syllables when the word is in different forms: Continue… Adjective Verb (Stress on the first syllable) (Stress on the last syllable) present

Word with 2 or more syllables Usually the third syllable from the end of the word is stressed. origin innocen t particle representation popula r originality possibilit y publicity

Prefixes and stress Prefixes will not change the word stress: Word Prefix New word form re- reform rich en- enrich prison im- imprison cover dis- discover interpret mis- misinterpret

Suffixes and stress Suffixes will not change the word stress: Word happy beauty king, free Suffix -ly -ful -dom New word happily beautiful kingdom, freedom home selfish appoint hero visit, ugly scholar -less -ness -ment -ism -e/or -ship homeless selfishness appointment heroism visitor, uglier scholarship

Say together 1. guaran. TEE, over. SEE, Can’t you SEE Say the words and 2. how. EVer, for. EVer, Pull the LEver pay attention to the stressed syllable. 3. under. STAND, com. MAND, Play the BAND 4. ce. LEbrity, com. MUNity, Come PLAY with me.

Phonics Lesson Five Lesson Intonation

Intonation Some words are stressed in a phrase or sentence because they give a rhythm or more important information. Stressed

Intonation Some words are stressed in a phrase or sentence because they give a rhythm or more important information. Example: ‘ Some words are stressed

Sentence stress Rule 1 The STRESSED words The CONTENT words e. g. Nouns, adjectives, action verb (walk, sit…), adverbs, number, question words and demonstratives (this, that…) Example The witch is flying across the sky.

Sentence stress Rule 2 The UNSTRESSED words are usually the FUNCTION words. articles (a, an, the) Pronouns (I, me, my) Prepositions (at, by, for) conjunction (and, so, but) auxiliary verbs (have, had, has) modals (may, can, might) ‘to be’ verbs (am, is, are) The witch is flying across the sky.

Sentence stress Rule 3 Stressed words are: Longer, louder and slightly higher in pitch than unstressed words.

Sentence stress Rule 4 Say unstressed words quickly enough: 1. reduced or made shorter with contractions she’ll, he’ll 2. run together with other unstressed words ‘a lot of’ ‘alota’ ‘want to’ ‘wanna’ ‘have to’ ‘hafta’ ‘going to’ ‘gonna’

Sentence stress Rule 5 Stress (or do not reduce) the final word of a sentence if it is a function word (of, to, with, for, me…) Come PLAY with ME. WHO is he GOing to SCHOOL WITH?

Sentence stress Rule 6 Only stress on the same syllable as the word stress. I’m going to the movie. going I’m GO-ING to the MOVIE. I’m GOing to the movie.

Try it yourself! 1. ANN and JIM were GOing to the Movies. 2. The PENcil is on the TAble. Practise the sentence stress rules 3. She Always LIKES to WORK on her desk. 4. It’s a VERY Interesting STOry. 5. WHAT are you DOing?

Try it yourself! 6. What TIME did he GET to the STAtion? 7. Has the TRAIN already LEFT? 8. It’s NOT an EASY THING to remember. 9. WHAT do you THINK he is WAITing FOR? 10. WHO will you be GOing WITH?

Try it yourself! 1. Do you like to go camping? Find out the content 2. Students need to study before a test. words stressed in the 3. My children are growing very quickly. sentence. 4. How long will it take to paint your house? 5. Who will you be going with?

Try it yourself! I’m glad to meet you, Carol. Welcome to XYZ Company. I’m glad you were hired for this position. We’ve been waiting for someone to fill this position for almost a month. You’ll be working with me in the Practise saying Finance Department. I’m in charge of the the so you’ll need to turn in conversation. daily records, so you’ll need to turn in daily records, your reports to me daily. If you have any questions, be sure to ask me. I’d be glad to answer them. Do you know who else you’ll be working with?