Phonetics Class 2 Chapter 6 Consonants

Phonetics Class # 2 Chapter 6

Consonants – Place of articulation Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal

Consonants – Manner of articulation Stop Fricative Affricate Nasal Liquid Glide

Consonants - Voiced Voiceless

Consonants - Review Voiceless velar stop Voiced labiodental fricative Voiced palatal affricate Voiced palatal glide Voiced velar nasal Voiceless interdental fricative

Vowels Different from consonants A lot more variation (different dialects) Vowels carry pitch and loudness: you can sing them. Vowel sounds can ‘stand alone. ’ Described by tongue height and backness Also by rounding and tense/lax

Vowels Number of vowels in American English: 15 Two types of vowels: Simple vowels (12): monophthongs No noticeable change in quality during their articulation: – [i]: beat [I]: bit – [e]: bait [ɛ ]: bet – [u]: lose [U]: put – [o]: boat [ɔ]: thought – [æ]: cat [a]: car – [ʌ ]: cut [ə]: suppose

Vowels Two types of vowels: Diphthongs (3): Vowels that exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable; They are made up of two sounds In English, the change in quality is due to tongue movement away from the initial vowel articulation toward a glide position – [aj]: buy, ice – [aw]: cow, now – [ɔj]: boy

Describing vowels Height Backness Front High u (shoot) U (should) (hit) e (mate) ɛ Low Back i (heat) I Mid Central (met) æ (mat) Rounded o (coat) ə (Canada) aj aw ʌ (cut) ɔ (ought) a (lock) Tense: i, e, u, o, aj , aw, ɔj Lax: I, ɛ, ə, ʌ, ɔ, æ, a, U ɔj (boy)

Describing vowels Four aspects of vowels for simple vowels: Tongue height: Raising or lowering the body of the tongue – [i]: beat; [I]: bit – [u]: boot; [U]: put » High (4): the front part of the tongue is high in the mouth; – [æ]: cat [a]: pot » Low (2) – [ə ]: sofa [ʌ ]: cut – [e]: late; [ɛ ]: let – [ɔ ]: law [o]: boat; » Mid (6): tongue is raised to a position midway b/w the high and low vowels.

Describing vowels Tongue backness (part of the tongue involved): advancing or retracting the body of the tongue Front (5): – [i]: beet – [e]: late – [æ]: cat [I]: bit [ɛ ]: bet Central (2): – [ə ]: sofa [ʌ ]: cut Back (5): – [u]: boot [U]: put – [o]: boat [ɔ ]: law [a]: bomb

Describing vowels lip rounding: whether lips are rounded or spread. Rounded (4): [u, U, o, ɔ] Unrounded (8): – [i]: beet – [e]: late [I]: bit [ɛ ]: bet – [æ]: cat – [ə ]: sofa [ʌ ]: cut – [a]: bomb

Describing vowels Tenseness: Duration and tension of the tongue muscles: – Tense (4): produced with greater tension of the tongue muscles and often longer in duration; » [i, e, u, o] – Lax (8): produced with less tension of the tongue muscles and often shorter in duration. » 8: [I, ɛ, ə, ʌ, ɔ, æ, a, U, ]

Describing vowels Ex. : Describe the following vowels (5) 1. [i] 2. [e] 3. [U] 4. [o] 5. [ɛ ] References: 1. [i]: a high front unrounded tense vowel 2. [e]: a mid front unrounded tense vowel 3. [U]: a high back rounded lax vowel 4. [o]: a mid back rounded tense vowel 5. [ɛ ]: a mid front unrounded lax vowel

Transcription – Vowels beat lose buy but bit put cow about late boat boy cat let hot

Practice – Transcribe the words Tog Kid Attain Despise Elbow Juice Clinical peel stun Oscar cooler sigh explode remove