PHILOSOPHY OF ISLAM (Part I) Lecture # 5

PHILOSOPHY OF ISLAM (Part I) Lecture # 5

Emergence of Islam Islamic Philosophy and Science Great Arab and Turk thinkers Rationalist Islamic Philosophy Philosophy of Sufism Recommended readings Content of lecture:

Islam arose in the Arabian Peninsula in VII. Islam was a new monotheistic religion Development of Islam is closely linked to the political and administrative activities of its founder - the Prophet Muhammad He was born about 570 years in Mecca Islam has had a serious impact on the political history not only in the Middle East, but in India, Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus Emergence of Islam

In 630-631 years Muslims conquered the entire Arabian Peninsula and moved on to conquer the world The Prophet Muhammad has successfully combined the functions of the religious and political leader He became the first head of an Islamic state The rise of Islam

Arab Caliphate (750)

Arab cavalry

Symbols of Islam

The spread of Islam

In the West during the middle Ages the doctrine of justification of Christian religion was dominated In the Islamic world in VII-X century was flourishing philosophy of science This was a period of intensive development of such sciences as geometry, algebra, optics, psychology, astronomy, chemistry, geography, zoology, botany and medicine Great contribution to knowledge made by such scholars as al-Khwarizmi, al-Biruni, Ibn-Sina (Avicenna), Omar Khayyam, etc. Islamic Philosophy and Science

Al-Biruni hypothesized Earth's rotation about its axis He substantiated the idea of ​​the existence of many worlds, made a number of mathematical theories Arabic poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam first contacted algebra to geometry The philosophers of the Muslim world had a major influence on the formation of Western philosophy and science The thinkers of the Islamic world wrote his works in Arabic. Some of them were Turks and Iranians by ethnic origin Islamic Philosophy and Science

Islam Rite of the hajj Prayer in Islam

Al-Kindi was born in Basra He was known not only as a philosopher, but as a physician, mathematician and astronomer He wrote treatises on geometry, optics, meteorology, psychology and music Written works of al-Kindi, known for "A Treatise on the number of books of Aristotle and the need to learn the philosophy" Arab and Turk thinkers. Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Iskhaq al-Kindi (800 - 879)

The great interest of al-Kindi manifested in problems of: God, mind, spirit and philosophy classification of the sciences There are different interpretations of God In the writings of al-Kindi: 1. God is the basis and absolute principle of all things 2. God as the cause 3. God as the absolute infinity (шексіздік/бесконечность) in space and time Al-Kindi (800 - 879)

According to the philosopher, God created matter, form, movement, space and time Man is not only able to know yourself, but what surrounds him Through reason man can conceive (тану/постигать) of things and phenomena Al-Kindi refers to supporters of Neo-Platonism Al-Kindi (800 - 879)

Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock

He was born in 870 in the place of Farab on the Syr Darya River in the South Kazakhstan Al-Farabi was educated in Bukhara, Baghdad and Damascus He studied medicine, music, mathematics, ethics, politics, and psychology Farabi was the first who thoroughly (ұқыпты түрде/тщательно) studied the forgotten works of Aristotle Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Uzlag AL-FARABI al-Turki

Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi played for the scientific knowledge of the world and was against coercion (мәжбүр ету/принуждение) and violence in society He believed that evil will be destroyed and good will prevail on the land He discovered a theoretical basis for the ideal of a society without war, violence and enslavement He was one of the first to propose the idea of ​​peaceful relations between the peoples of the earth Al-Farabi

In his writings, "The views of the inhabitants of the virtuous (ізгілікті/добродетельный) city", "Civil Policy" Al-Farabi considers problems of politics and morality, government and society of that period Philosophical ideas of al-Farabi had an impact on the formation and development of the ideas of West (Spinoza) The ideas of al-Farabi influenced the philosophies of many thinkers of the Muslim world, such as Ibn Sina, J. Balasaguni etc. Al-Farabi

Abu Ali Ibn Sina was born in Bukhara. In the East, Ibn Sina was known as Avicenna He is the author of the "Canons of medical science“ Ibn Sina first described the anatomy, physiology, internal medicine, surgery and pharmacology Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037)

On the philosophical views of Ibn Sina influenced Al-Farabi Ibn Sina was an outstanding scholar and a courageous (батыл/мужественный) fighter for the mind against ignorance Ibn Sina wrote more than 450 works He has developed a classification system of philosophy He divided philosophy into two areas: theoretical and practical Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037)

Theoretical philosophy seeks to comprehend the truth, and the practical - to achieve good In the theoretical philosophy Ibn Sina included physics, mathematics and metaphysics In practice - politics, economics, and ethics According to Ibn Sina logic was the head of all Logic - is a tool and a method of understanding the world Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037)

Supreme crown of science, he believed metaphysics - philosophy and theology Ibn Sina believed that philosophy gives the knowledge of the truth based on reason Theology is based on faith For his daring and original ideas Ibn Sina harassed (қудалану/преследоваться) by the authorities Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037)

Священный Коран Избранные произведения мыслителей стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока. М., 1961 Аль-Газали. Избавляющий от заблуждения // Григорян С.Н. Из истории философии Средней Азии и Ирана VII-XII вв. М., 1960 Ибн Сина. Избр. философские произведения. М., 1980 Аль-Кирмани, Хамид ад-Дин. Успокоение разума. Предисл., пер. с араб. и коммен. А.В.Смирнова. М., 1995 Аль-Фараби. Философские трактаты. Алматы, 1990 Игнатенко А.А. В поисках счастья. М., 1989 Смирнов А.В. Великий шейх суфизма. Опыт парадигмального анализа философии Ибн Араби. М., 1993 Recommended readings:

Степанянц М.Т. Философские аспекты суфизма. М., 1987 Степанянц М.Т. Мусульманские концепции в философии и политике XIX-XX вв. М., 1982Фролова Е.А. История средневековой арабо-исламской философии. М., 1995 Читтик У. В поисках скрытого смысла. Суфийский путь любви. Духовное учение Руми. Сост. и предисл. М.Степанянц. М., 1995 Шаймухамбетова Г.Б. Арабоязычная философия средневековья и классическая традиция. М., 1979. Рационалистическая традиция и современность. Ближний и Средний Восток. М., 1990 Recommended readings: