PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE B Altaev Fin 132

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PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE B. Altaev Fin 132

ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY Оne of two largest branches of ancient philosophy which arose in Ancient Greece in the VI century BC and existing till the end of antiquity.

Periodization • Early Greek philosophy (till V century BC) • Classical ancient philosophy (the V—IV centuries BC) • Hellenism philosophy - Early Hellenistic period (eve of the IV—I centuries BC) - The late Hellenistic period (the eve of the I century BC - VI century)

Heraclitus Ephesius • (483 B. C. ) - the Ancient Greek philosopher – pre Socratic • Founder of the first historical or initial form of dialectics. • To it the authorship of the known phrase "Is attributed everything flows, everything changes"

• Heraclitus is known for five doctrines most important for the general interpretation of his doctrine: 1. Fire is the initial material reason of the world. 2. There are periodic episodes of the world fire during which space is destroyed to revive again. 3. Everything is a stream. 4. Identity of contrasts. 5. Violation of the law of a contradiction.

Socrat • The Ancient Greek philosopher, which doctrine marks turn in philosophy — from consideration of the nature and the world to consideration of the person. Socrates condemned tyrants and sabotaged dictatorship actions.

Socrat`s paradox • Many statements which are traditionally carried to historical Socrates are characterized as "paradoxical" because they, from the logical point of view, it seems, contradict common sense. So-called the Sokratov`s paradoxes the phrase are among: Nobody bears the malice. Nobody does the evil voluntarily. Virtue — this knowledge. Example of one more paradox is the phrase concerning knowledge which is also attributed to Socrates: "I know only that I know nothing, but others don't know also it".

Democritus • (460 BC — 370 BC) — the great Ancient Greek philosopher, one of founders of atomistics and materialistic philosophy.

• Democritus denied existence of gods and a role of all supernatural world in emergence. • The main achievement of philosophy of Democritus is considered development of Levkipp's doctrine by it about "atom" — the indivisible particle of substance possessing true life, not collapsing and not arising. • Democritus made one of the first Ancient Greek calendars.

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