Pharmacology
Medication • A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent a disease or relieve pain
Pharmacodynamics • Process by which medications work on the body. • Receptor sites are located throughout the body – Meds can stimulate a receptor (Agonist) or – Inhibit or blocks a receptor (Antagonists) – Alpha vs Beta
Terms • Dose – Amount of drug given – Usually based on patient’s weight • • Indication – why we are giving it Contraindication – why we don’t give it Action – what medication is intended to do Side effects – actions other than desired – Unintended effects – undesirable but pose little risk (nausea) – Untoward effects – effects that can be harmful (anaphylaxis)
Names • Generic name – simple name that identifies the medication (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin) • Trade Name – A brand name (Tylenol, Advil, Bayer)
Distribution of Medications • Prescription – must obtain from a pharmacist with a doctors order • Over The Counter (OTC) – can buy these meds at local supermarket or discount store. – Can include herbal supplements and vitamins • Street drugs - illegal drugs that are unregulated such as heroin or cocaine
Routes of Administration • Enteral meds – enter body through digestive tract – Per Rectum (PR) - suppositories – Oral (PO)- by mouth (Baby ASA, Oral Glucose) • Parenteral meds – enters body other than by way of digestive tract. – – – – IM (Intramuscular) - Epi SL (sublingual) - Nitro / Zofran Inhalation - Albuterol TX, O 2 IV (intravenous) IN (Intranasal) - Narcan IO (intraosseous) SC (subcutaneous) Transcutaneous
Absorption Rates
Medication Forms • Tablets or Capsules – Assist the patient to proper place tablets and capsules • Solutions or Suspensions • Aerosol (albuterol, Metered Dose Inhalers) – MDI’s should be shaken prior to administration ensure the proper dose is administered. • • Topical (creams) Medication Patches (nitro, nicotine) Gels Gases
Six Rights of Medication Administration
Assessment • Check for allergies prior to medication administration • Full set of vital signs prior to and after medication administration • Assess effectiveness • Monitor for side effects • When in doubt call medical command
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