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pes ot ty re n We’ , but erbs Verbs, Verbs of v d to elate ’re r we em! Action Verbs th Linking Verbs (also: auxiliary, transitive, intransitive)

Two, 2, dos, deux, zwei, ni, , l. There are ONLY two kinds of verbs on the planet. They are: ¡action ¡linking (tutu)

All real verbs are either action or linking. There are other “verby” things (auxiliary/helping verbs, verbals), but they are not true verbs. We will discuss these later.

Action Verbs

Action Verbs l express either mental or physical activity l The dogs barked all day. l He thought about the day.

Action Verbs l may be transitive or intransitive l (more on this later – just note it for now)

Linking Verbs

Linking Verbs l express a state of being l connect (or link) the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject My teacher is cranky.

Linking Verbs l never have objects l ALWAYS intransitive l (more on this later – just note it for now)

Action or Linking Verb? action l. We celebrated the Chinese New Year yesterday. linking l. The holiday is usually in February.

Action or Linking Verb? linking l. John looked tired. action l. John looked through the binoculars.

Action or Linking Verb? action l. Remain in your seats until the end of class. linking l. Remain calm.

Handy Tip for Linking Verbs l Linking verbs are like the equal signs of language. (=) l Any verb that can be replaced with is, am, are, become, or becomes to create a sentence with nearly the same meaning is a linking verb.

Action or Linking Verb? Your Turn! l Any verb that can be replaced with is, am, are, become, or becomes to create a sentence with nearly the same meaning is a linking verb. l The sky looks blue. l I walked home. l Our teacher seemed crazy.

Auxiliary/Helping “Verbs” “auxiliary” just means “helping” Helping verbs and linking verbs are the same words…if they have an action verb buddy they are helping verbs…if they are by themselves, they are linking verbs. WARNING: Auxiliary verbs do not function as verbs. They HELP the main verb.

Auxiliary/Helping Verbs (sing to the tune of “Jingle Bells” for a handy mnemonic) l be l am l is l are l was l were l been l being l has l have l had l do l did l does l can l could l shall l will l would l should l may l might l must

Auxiliary/Helping Verbs lhelp the main verb express action or a state of being l can speak l may be l has been named l should have been caught

Auxiliary Verbs Verb Phrase l. A verb phrase has one main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs l**verb phrase=hv+av l. Many people in Africa can speak more than one language. l. The packages may be at 401 Maple Street.

Helping Verb or Linking Verb? The highlighted words can function as main verbs or auxiliary verbs. Can you tell which job each is doing? l I am a teacher. l I am writing a letter. l We are hungry. l The girls are playing ball.

Helping Verb or Linking Verb? Your Turn! was does l I was a track star. l I was running quickly. l She does the dishes. l She does hear you. l They have influenza. l They have been cured. have

Helping Verb=Participle Tense l I am talking on the phone. Present participle l I have been in class. Past Participle l I will go home. future

Handy Tip for Verb Phrases l Sometimes a verb phrase is interrupted by another part of speech, like an adverb. In a question, the subject often interrupts the verb phrase. l Our school has always held a victory celebration when our team wins. l Did you hear Jamie Foxx’s speech?

Transitive and Intransitive It’s all about transfer of action to an object.

Handy Tip l. Since transitive/intransitive verbs deal with whether or not action passes from the subject to an object, always start with labeling the subject and verb in the sentence

Transitive Verbs l Express an action directed toward a person, a place, a thing, or an idea (a. k. a. , nouns) l The action passes from the doer (the subject) to the receiver of the action. l The words that receive the action of TV l Transitive verbs need direct objects; direct objects are always nouns

Transitive Verbs: Examples av S l Derrick greeted the visitors. ¡Derrick greeted whom? The action (greeted) passes from the subject (Derrick) to the object (visitors). aux. v S av l When will Felicia paint her room? ¡Felicia will paint what? The action (will paint) passes from the subject (Felicia) to the object (room).

Intransitive Verbs l Express action or tell something about the subject without the action passing to a receiver, or object l Intransitive verbs may be either action, verb phrases, or linking verbs.

Intransitive Verbs: Examples S av l The train stopped. ¡The train stopped what? There is nothing in the sentence to say what the train stopped (i. e. , there is no object). There is no transfer of action. l Last night we ate on the patio. S av ¡We ate what? There is nothing in the sentence to say what we ate (i. e. , there is no object). We did not eat some “on the patio. ” This is a prepositional phrase telling where we ate, not what. There is no transfer of action.

Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! 1) Label subject & verb. 2) Is the verb action or linking? If linking, it cannot be transitive. If action, go on to step 3. 3) Say, “Subject, verb WHAT? ” If there is a noun that receives the action, it is transitive. l The children play checkers. l The children play quietly. l Mr. Lopez is baking bread. l Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon. l Have Roland Tracy left their coats? l Have Roland Tracy left yet?

Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! S av l. The children play checkers. ¡The children play WHAT? “Checkers” is a noun telling what they play, so “play” is transitive. S av l. The children play quietly. ¡The children play WHAT? “Quietly” is not a noun and it is not what they play (it is how they play), so “play” is intransitive.

Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! S av l. Mr. Lopez is baking bread. ¡Mr. Lopez is baking WHAT? “Bread” is a noun and it tells what he is baking, so “is baking” is transitive. S aux. v av l. Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon. ¡Mr. Lopez is baking WHAT? “This afternoon” is not what Mr. Lopez is baking (it tells when), so “is baking” is intransitive.

Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! aux. v S S av l. Have Roland Tracy left their coats? ¡Roland Tracy have left WHAT? “Coats” is a noun and it tells what they left, so “have left” is transitive. aux. v S S av l. Have Roland Tracy left yet? ¡Roland Tracy have left WHAT? “Yet” is not what they left (it tells when), so “have left” is intransitive.

Transitive or Intransitive? Your Turn! Label the subjects and verbs in these sentences. Tell whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive. l. Melanie ate a baked potato. l. Hector and Tom are reading. l. They painted the house. l. Did you carry his suitcase? l. My plant grows quickly.