Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Michal Tvarožek, Michal Barla, Mária Bieliková 22. 1. 2007 Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Information Systems Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
Presentation outline • Motivation • What is the problem? • Personalized presentation layer architecture • Evaluation • Summary Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Motivation • Large open information spaces • Navigation and search related problems – “Lost in hyperspace” syndrome – Many (irrelevant) search results Adaptive WIS (web-based information systems) – Few “standard” solutions – New adaptive WIS = start from “square one” Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Adaptive WIS problems • No standard software architecture available • Used mostly for e-learning applications • Existing reference models (Dexter, AHAM) – Deal with mostly abstract stuff – Ignore software development and reuse aspects • HERA methodology focuses more on presentation than adaptation and user modeling Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
User modeling problems • Automatic creation of a user model is difficult • Logging without semantics – Hard-coded evaluation logic depends on a specific domain and implementation • Web log analysis yields bad results – Purely server-side approach – Extensive pre-processing required – Better suited for overall statistics gathering than the evaluation of individual users’ characteristics • Sharing of user models between tools or applications requires common ground Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Goals • Devise the architecture of an adaptive WIS based on the use of interconnected software tools – Identify tool roles and interconnects – Focus on extensibility and flexibility – Support architecture/tool reuse for different application domains – Stress interoperability and “common ground” between tools Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Portal • Facilitates user management tasks – User registration – User authentication and authorization • Provides a single “global” user interface – Ensures a common “look & feel” – Integrates individual presentation tools as pluggable portlets that can be added, removed or reordered Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Presentation tools • Perform adaptive presentation of content • Allow for the use of different views/perspectives suitable for individual users – The same data can be viewed e. g. with a • Faceted browser • Cluster visualization tool • Form-filling tool Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Client-side logging • Captures client-side events that would otherwise go unnoticed – Hovering on items – Java script interaction – “Back” button – Form filling actions (e. g. the order of fields) Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Server-side logging • Integrates event data from various sources • Creates one continuous stream of events for – Each user session • Preserves the semantics of events supplied by individual tools; – Instead of GET www. x. com/overview. do? id=456&att=loc&r=33 – We get: <John>, <Select. Restriction>(<location>, <California>) • Circumvents the tight coupling of presentation and log analysis tools in traditional approaches • Makes the log data accessible to all user modeling tools Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
User characteristics evaluation • Continuously evaluates user event log data – Estimates individual users’ characteristics – Updates the user model • Evaluates – User navigation – Implicit user feedback on presented content – User behavior consistency or lack thereof Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Evaluation • Within the context of projects – NAZOU (nazou. fiit. stuba. sk); domain: job offers • Tools for Acquisition, Organization and Maintenance of Knowledge in an Environment of Heterogeneous Information Resources – MAPEKUS (mapekus. fiit. stuba. sk); domain: scientific publications • Modeling and Acquisition, Processing and Employing Knowledge About User Activities in the Internet Hyperspace • Project constraints – Implementation environment Java 5 – Presentation framework Apache Cocoon – Ontological repository Sesame Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
How it works? Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
What can we do with it? • Personalize facet layout • Improve response time • Reduce the number of necessary clicks Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Key issues I. • Interoperability and “common ground” between tools – Requires common information and semantics representation Ontologies provide means for defining common semantics • Domain, user and event ontology • Automatic user model acquisition – Built-in comprehensive logging of user interaction with semantics • Client-side • Server-side – Automatic event log evaluation – Continuous user characteristics estimation Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Key issues II. • Flexibility and extensibility – Modular architecture composed of interconnected software tools – Simultaneous support for the use and integration of multiple presentation/user modeling tools • Reusability – Generic domain independent tools for specific tasks Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Summary • Generic architecture of the personalized presentation layer of adaptive WIS • Evaluation within projects – NAZOU (nazou. fiit. stuba. sk) ~ job offers – MAPEKUS (mapekus. fiit. stuba. sk) ~ publications • Future work – Analyze possibilities of tool orchestration – Devise methods of cooperation between multiple tools used for the same task Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
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