Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran secara Online PM DR NORAZAH

Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran secara Online PM DR. NORAZAH MOHD. NORDIN FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN UKM

Outline 2 § Intoduction § Definition § Terminology § Emerging Trends and Practices § Technologies and Techniques § Learning Theories § Remarks

Online learning the most accessible pathway to the new knowledge economy and related jobs for the majority of working people includes mobile learning, e-gaming, online communities, and learning management systems that engage each user.

Online Learning ‘online learning is an educational material that is presented on a computer’ Carliner (1999)

Online Learning ‘online instruction is an innovative approach for delivering instruction to a remote audience, using the Web as the medium. Online learning, however, involves more than just the presentation and delivery of materials using the Web: the learner and the learning process should be the focus of online learning. (Khan 1997)

Online Learning ‘online learning is [t]he use of the Internet to access learning materials; to interact with the content, instructor, and other learners; and to obtain support during the learning process, in order to acquire knowledge, to construct personal meaning, and to grow from the learning experience’ (Ally, 2007)

Terminologies used for online learning e-learning Internet learning distributed learning, networked learning tele-learning virtual learning computer-assisted learning web-based learning distance learning

Components of Online Learning Technology Contents Row data Original Draft LMS ASP/ESP Multimedia Training delivery methods Operation System Reference Service + Learners

Develop course details 9 § Establish discussion guideline § Develop a flexible syllabus § Develop Contents with module or small unit § Create a timeline § Develop assignments § Decide about evaluation technique to use Web based e-Learning for statistical education

Emerging Trends and Practices Noble and Worthy Mission Bringing learning to the disenfranchised Those who have not been served by traditional classroom settings Interesting (and exciting) times! New tools, new techniques, new theories! After centuries of sameness (since printing press) we now are confronted with a new context in higher education

Millennial Students Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation, Neil Howe and William Strauss – 7 descriptors: Special Sheltered Confident Team-Oriented Achieving Pressured Conventional They expect Student Centered Learning

Digital Natives So if Digital Immigrant educators really want to reach Digital Natives – e. g. all their students – they will have to change. It’s high time for them to stop their grousing, and as the Nike motto of the Digital Native generation says, “Just do it!” They will succeed in the long run – and their successes will come that much sooner if their administrators support them. Who are the Millennial Students?

Technologies and Techniques How do we connect with the digital natives – the millennial students? Time-shifting technologies Encourage interaction - engage Facilitate individual communication Utilize their means of communication – digital Meet them where they are – on their turf

Learning Theories Applying learning theories to online teaching and learning

“Personally, I’m always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught. ” -Winston Churchill

Learning Theories Behaviorist, Cognitivist, Constructivist Mental Representations Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Connectivism

Learning Theories Behaviorist Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner Learning = observable behavioral changes Cognitivist Craik, Tulving, Ausubel Learning = motivation, thinking, memory, reflection Construcitivst Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner Learning = observation, processing, interpretation

Learning Theories Mental Representations Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory Verbal and nonverbal subsystems Words/pictures enhance cognitive coding Interactive imagery Research supports use of images & text

Learning Theories Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Mayer extends Paivio’s theory Pictures = “animation” Text = “narration” Computer-based multimedia presentations Prior knowledge influences integration of pictures and text in “working memory”

Learning Theories Connectivism “A learning theory for the digital age” Personal knowledge is a “network” Personal to network to organization Know “where” to locate “up-to-date” knowledge

Just Do It Right! Motivate learners Promote meaningful learning Encourage interaction & collaboration Give timely constructive feedback Look at the whole person Learner and learning process at the center

Sampling of New Technologies Innovative trends and practices Blogs Podcasting and Enhanced Podcasting Wikis RSS Gaming – simulations

Blogs We. B + LOGS = BLOGS Since 1997 Reverse chronological order Quick and easy way to publish instantly and internationally Provision for responses http: //iteslj. org/Techniques/Johnson-Blogs/ http: //grandtextauto. gatech. edu/2004/08/0 6/teaching-with-blogs

Blogs How are blogs used in education? Faculty members sharing info with students Online discussions Students in virtual study groups Students sharing creative writing with world Online journaling E-Portfolios Anonymous evaluations Incredible reach – last 24 hours for OLU

Podcasts i. POD + broad. CAST = PODCAST Born out of blogs Audio blogging using MP 3 or MP 4 format Listened to online or through i. Tunes autodownloaded to an i. Pod Dr. Margaret Maag – USF: http: //feeds. feedburner. com/Nursing. Edu cation Dr. Burks Oakley – University of Illinois: http: //burkso 2. blogspot. com

Podcasts recorded outside the classroom Skype (Voice over Internet Protocol) computer-to-computer or telephone – or via i. Talk microphone SHU Podcast Ed-Cast An International Collaboration to Enhance Access and Knowledge via podcasts freely shared across institutions

Vodcasts Video On Demand + broad. CAST = VODCAST Video files commonly in blogs that can be played on a computer or a video i. Pod Some example sites: http: //www. vodcasts. tv/ http: //research. uchicago. edu/highlights/science/index. shtml#

Pod/Vodcasts How are Pod/Vodcasts used in education? Lecture delivery Those who miss class Review of lectures Slider-bar for review of concepts Voiced discussion boards Providing Student richer communication project delivery Enabling audio/video multimedia

Wikis Wiki = Hawaiian term for “quick” (e. g. wiki buses) Online shared space for composition Normally, anyone with access can edit Wikipedia http: //www. wikipedia. org/ Wikispaces http: //rayschroeder. wikispaces. com/shu

RSS Rich Site Summary / Really Simple Syndication Online XML files pointing to updates http: //people. uis. edu/rschr 1/onlinelearning/blogger _rss. xml Aggregators http: //newsisfree. com Enables instant sharing of resources Blogs, Podcasts, Vodcasts, Wikis Dynamic pages http: //people. uis. edu/rschr 1/oluinfo. htm

Gaming - Simulation Millennial learners are veterans at digital gaming and simulation More hours spent with x-box than prior generations spent with books Comfortable mode of learning http: //www. merlot. org/search/Ar tifact. List. po? keyword=simulation

Theory References Athabasca University. (2004). Foundations of Educational Theory for Online Learning. In T. Anderson, & F. Elloumi (Eds. ), Theory and Practice of Online Learning. (pp. 3 -31). Available at http: //cde. athabascau. ca/online_book/. Mayer, R. (2001). Multimedia learning. Cambridge, England: University Press. Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Theory References Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. Available at: http: //www. elearnspace. org/Articles/connectivism. htm.

Technology Sources Educause has published a free E-Book on the topic: Educating the Net Generation (July, 2005) http: //www. educause. edu/Educatingthe. Net. Generation/ 5989 Online Learning Update – more than 5, 000 postings since 2001 http: //people. uis. edu/rschr 1/onlinelearning/blogger. ht ml

Future e-Learning 35 Learner oriented education Active Interactivity education Web based e-Learning for statistical education Continuing & Lifelong Education Future e-Learning Media based distance education

Future of e-Learning Just in Time § Based on Web : WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) § Notebook PDA based Online Learning Just For Me § Personalized instructional learning objects which is based on individual level and style § Usable of inner and outer reference without limitation 36

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