PEACE OPERATIONS Measures of Effectiveness End-State Criteria

PEACE OPERATIONS Measures of Effectiveness & End-State Criteria LTC (Ret. ) Esko Rautiainen Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State Criteria Objectives: u Examine the development of MOEs for complex humanitarian emergencies and peace operations u Identify u some potential MOEs Define interrelationship between MOEs, and end -states Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State Primary Use: Evaluate whether mission is succeeding or failing Secondary Use: u Establishes planning partnerships u Brings together organizations that need to support each other u Establish a common approach u Minimizes confusion & risk u Provides end-point or trend analysis Center of Excellence

MOEs in Modern Complex Emergencies u Operations demand unprecedented interagency planning, coordination & cooperation u Events may demand coordinated MOEs u Every agency will have different MOEs and endstate u Contingencies abound that may adjust MOEs Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State HOW DO WE START THE PROCESS? Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State Examine the possible “end state or country conditions at exit” using seven categories. u u u u Political Resolution Demilitarization Basic Needs Public Security Governance Economy Civil Society Center of Excellence

End-State Sustainable Security The capacity of a society to solve it’s own problems peacefully without an external administrative or military presence A common conceptual approach and a common standard of sustainable security will greatly assist the determination of an end state. Pauline Baker & Angeli Weller Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness MOEs will need to be developed: u For transition points applicable to each components u For the point where sustainable security is reached *Note: the two may not be the same Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State • Political Resolution • Demilitarization • Basic Needs • Public Security • Governance • Economy • Civil Society Will need to establish MOEs for the sustainable security point for each of these elements Center of Excellence

Analysis Ø MOE & End-State Done before the conflict – Approaches for preventive diplomacy – Provides the best overall perspective Ø During a conflict – Define limits of external operations – Work with local and other intervening agencies – Prepare exit strategies Ø After containment of a conflict – Plan transition strategies – Link political framework with plan to rebuild Center of Excellence

MOE & End-State Who Evaluates u. Professional Soldiers – security, indigenous armies u. Humanitarians – basic needs u. External Police – professionalism, competence, level of training & autonomy u. International Judges and Lawyers – local judicial system, standards, training & requirements support u. Public Administration Specialists – the civil service, medical services, elections Center of Excellence

MOE & End-State Some Suggested MOE Examples % Target population resettled (refugees) u % of aid reaching delivery sites u Response time (delivery of relief to target site) u # of weapons collected, withdrawn (security) u Reduction of violent incidents (security) u # of police trained and operating (justice) u % Decrease in crude mortality (medical) u Center of Excellence

MOE & End-State Some Suggested MOE Examples u% Decrease in case fatality rates (medical) u. Rate of return to pre-disaster acceptable conditions – infrastructure u. Efficiency and effectiveness of government – sound budget? – Needs assessment? Center of Excellence

Broad MOE Categories Who does what? Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness Medical Health Decline in mortality and morbidity • Medical support teams • NGOs - (MSF, M du Monde, UN Agencies) • Government aid agencies • Military - in emergencies Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness Ø Reduction in levels of violence/threats Ø Reduction of arms flows, disarmament Ø Security • Military / Security Forces • Civilian Police • Special Operations Forces Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness Public Health Infrastructure • All Political / Diplomatic appointees • Civil Affairs • UN Agencies • NGOs/IOs Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness Public Communication • Host Nation • Civil Affairs/PSYOPS • NGOs/IOs Center of Excellence

End-States/Exit Strategies Center of Excellence

Definition of Exit Strategy “. . the planned transition to the host nation(s) of all functions performed on its (their) behalf by peace operations forces” Benson and Thrash: Parameters. 1996 Center of Excellence

Exit Strategies in Complex Emergencies • No information on how to develop an exit strategy • Transition to other forces/agencies not supported by lessons learned • There will be many transitions • Little or no time to plan exit strategies Center of Excellence

TRANSITIONS MILITARY (Example only) MILITARY OPERATIONS CRISIS SUPPORT OPERATIONS STABILIZATION CIVILIAN POLITICAL LIFE SAVING LIFE SUPPORT ECONOMIC & SOCIAL Center of Excellence

Developing Exit Strategies in Complex Emergencies • Develop coordinated civil-military exit strategies • Transition (military end-state) dependent on “level of comfort/safety” of civilian agencies • Identify and seek requirements/confirmation to validate end-state Center of Excellence

Making Exit Strategies Work • Visualize operation from start-to-finish • Recognize characteristics, responsibilities, limitations of civil-military partners • Use MOEs and critical pathways as management tools Center of Excellence

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State Criteria Questions ? Center of Excellence