Pathway to Net-Zero Energy Commercial Buildings Gregory B. Stark, P. E. National Renewable Energy Laboratory UNL Net-Zero Energy Workshop
Introduction • Why Net Zero is Important • Can We Get to Zero Energy? • Commercial Building Initiative
Why Net Zero is Important • Buildings are the Largest Energy Consumer in the U. S. – 40% of primary energy, 72% of electricity, 55% of natural gas
Commercial Sector Trends • Energy use increasing 1. 6% per year – faster that energy efficiency improvements
Can We Get to Zero Energy?
Tremendous Potential in Buildings • First Database of Net-Zero Energy Buildings: zeb. buildinggreen. com Location Floor Area (ft 2) Annual Purchased Energy (k. Btu/ft 2) Baraboo, WI 11, 900 -2. 02 Audubon Center at Debs Park Los Angeles, CA 5, 020 Challengers Tennis Club Los Angeles, CA 3, 500 -0. 0955 Environmental Tech. Center, Sonoma State Rohnert Park, CA 2, 200 -1. 47 Hawaii Gateway Energy Center Kailua-Kona, HI 3, 600 -3. 46 IDe. As Z 2 Design Facility San Jose, CA 6, 560 -0. 00052 Oberlin College Lewis Center Oberlin, OH 13, 600 -4. 23 Science House St. Paul, MN 1, 530 0 Building Aldo Leopold Legacy Center
A Pathway to Net Zero Energy: The Commercial Building Initiative
Commercial Building Initiative • Goal – Market-ready, net-zero energy commercial buildings no later than 2025 • Public-Private Partnerships – Drive efficiency gains – Promote improved technology – Accelerate commercialization of advanced building technologies
CBI: Technology Push vs. Market Pull
Commercial Building Energy Alliances Informal associations among building owners and operators who want to reduce energy consumption • Retailer Energy Alliance (February 2008) – 32 members representing 2. 28 B sq. ft. • Commercial Real Estate Energy Alliance (April 2009) – 39 members representing 5. 24 B sq. ft. • Hospital Energy Alliance (April 2009) – 21 members representing 319 M sq. ft. • Higher Education Energy Alliance (forming Steering Committee now; launch expected Q 1 2010) • State and Municipal Energy Alliance (2010)
Key Alliance Activities • Technology Procurement Projects – LED Lighting – Rooftop HVAC – Parking Garage Lighting • Supplier Summits – HVAC, Refrigeration, and Controls, Jan ‘ 08 & ’ 09 – Lighting and Controls, May ‘ 09 • Technology Evaluation – Building owner directed research and screening • Efficiency Standardization and Tools – Commercial Lighting Solutions – HVAC Solutions/Central – Commercial Refrigeration Solutions
National Accounts Companies from the private sector working with national laboratories to achieve significant, unprecedented building energy savings. • DOE national labs teamed with 23 companies to: – Build one new building at 50% less energy than Standard 90. 1 – Retrofit at least one existing building at 30% less energy • Labs provide technical assistance to biggest names in retail, commercial real estate, and financial sectors
An Example
ZEB involves Prudent Choices… • Reduce Loads – – • • • Lighting design – • Envelope and orientation to meet loads – • Envelope and orientation to reduce loads Plug loads » Insulation, air barrier & windows » Daylighting, passive solar heating, and natural ventilation » Daylighting » Design vs. owner loads Match Equipment to Loads – Climate-specific HVAC designed for the remaining loads – Design quality in, and Commissioning Make Sure the Building Works Constant Evaluation Keep It Simple Choose Site Specific Renewable Generation Carefully
Energy & Cost Optimization Starting Point Cost Neutral Point Minimum Cost Point ~3, 000 Simulations
Optimization Result • A Building Design that: – Satisfies the owner’s business criteria • (e. g. , positive NPV on a 3 -year lifecycle cost basis) – Meets or exceeds energy savings objectives • (e. g. , uses 50% less energy than a 90. 1 -2004 compliant building)
Closing Thoughts • Zero is possible • Zero takes a coordinated effort with the owner, architect, and engineering team • The little things make the difference in getting to zero (as you get to zero, small items become significant) • The owner needs to set measurable goals and communicate these goals to the design team • The solution is not bigger supplies
Thanks! Commercial Building Initiative commercialbuildings. energy. gov NREL’s Commercial Buildings Research Projects www. nrel. gov/buildings/commercial. html Greg Stark Team Lead, National Accounts Project Advanced Commercial Buildings Research National Renewable Energy Laboratory Greg. Stark@nrel. gov
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