Patent Analysis of Genetic Engineering Research in Japan

Patent Analysis of Genetic Engineering Research in Japan, Korea and Taiwan Assessment of the Research Szu-chia Lo University Library National Cheng-Kung University Tainan, Taiwan losu@mail. ncku. edu. tw Copyright, 2005 © Szu-chia Lo

The Study l l l The aim of this study is to reveal the research growth, distribution of research productivity and impact of genetic engineering research in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. This study uses quantitative methods adopt from bibliometrics to analyze the patents granted to Japan, Korea and Taiwan by United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) from 1991 to 2002. Research Methods l l Patent Count Citation Count Bradford’s Law Patent Coupling 2

Literature Review l l The Value of the Research Methods Productivity Research Impact Analysis Science Linkage 3

Data and Research Methods l l l 13, 055 genetic engineering USPTO patents were identified and included in this study IPC was used as primary key for retrieving the genetic engineering patents 841 JKT patents were studied further (assignee’s country was used for selecting JKT patents) Bradford’s Model was applied to identify the core assignees Patent Coupling was used to reveal the relevance among core assignees 4

Basis Analysis - Productivity l Annual Growth l l l Three zones of the productivity l l l 1, 088 patents granted annually in average Numbers of patents granted increased dramatically during the period of 1996 to 2002 Initial Developing Developed Withdraw? (1991 -1995) (1996 -1998) (1999 -2002) (2003) Countries l l 42 countries share the patent right of 13, 055 patents U. S. is the leading country not only in productivity, but also 5 in research impact

Three Zones of Productivity 6

Patent Growth Curve Logistics 7

Basic Analysis - Research Impact l l 18, 490 patents cited 63, 954 times by 13, 055 patents. Citation age of most patent citations is from 2 to 8; Higher research impact was shown after the patent was issued 3 years and the impact started to decline after the patent issued 5 or 6 years The countries with higher productivity also show greater impact Japan, Germany, Great Britain and France also demonstrated significant performance in genetic engineering research 8

Productivity and Research Impact by Countries Rank Country Granted Patents % Times Cited % 9, 843 75. 40% 52, 247 81. 69% 1 United States 2 Japan 765 5. 86% 2, 276 3. 56% 3 Germany 492 3. 77% 1, 425 2. 23% 4 Great Britain 482 3. 69% 1, 628 2. 55% 5 France 421 3. 22% 879 1. 37% 6 Canada 389 2. 98% 997 1. 56% 7 Netherlands 200 1. 53% 1, 489 2. 33% 8 Demark 128 0. 98% 298 0. 47% 9 Australia 120 0. 92% 261 0. 41% 10 Swiss 88 0. 67% 257 0. 40% 10 Sweden 88 0. 67% 303 0. 47% 12 Belgium 79 0. 61% 155 0. 24% 13 Israel 77 0. 59% 223 0. 35% 14 Italy 51 0. 39% 117 0. 18% 15 Korea 50 0. 38% 38 0. 06% 16 Finland 49 0. 38% 287 0. 45% 17 Taiwan 26 0. 20% 28 0. 04% 18 Austria 24 0. 18% 27 0. 04% 19 New Zealand 14 0. 11% 29 0. 05% 20 Spain 11 0. 08% 31 0. 05% 9

Japan, Korea and Taiwan Productivity l l Japan was granted most patents among JKT Patents granted to Japan cover three GE technical areas; patents granted to Korea and Taiwan were more DNA recombinant related 270 assignees from JKT and only a few of them hold significant numbers of patents Takeda, Hitachi, Takara, Suntory, Ajinomoto and Sumitomo are the top five productive assignees 10

Bradford’s Model - Assignee Analysis 11

Japan, Korea and Taiwan Research Impact l l l 1, 111 JKT patents were cited 2, 216 times Japan was most cited country among JKT U. S. holds greater impact than JKT self-impact on GE research 334 cited assignees were identified and 98. 17% of them were cited limited times The assignees with higher research impact also have better performances in productivity Core assignees are highly self-cited 12

Core Assignees from JKT Rank Assignee Patent % Countries 1 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. 45 5. 35% JP 2 Hitachi, Ltd. 40 4. 76% JP 3 Takara Shuzo Co. , Ltd. 28 3. 33% JP 4 Suntory Limited 27 3. 21% JP 5 Ajinomoto Co. , Inc. 23 2. 73% JP 5 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited 23 2. 73% JP 7 Institute of Physical and Chemical Research 15 1. 78% JP 7 Japan Tobacco Inc. 15 1. 78% JP 9 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. , Ltd. 14 1. 66% JP 9 Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Ins 13 1. 55% JP 9 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 13 1. 55% JP 9 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co. , Ltd. 13 1. 55% JP 13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha 12 1. 43% JP 13 Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha 12 1. 43% JP 13 National Science Council 12 1. 43% TW 13 Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha 12 1. 43% JP 13

Correlations Analysis of Core Assignees l l l 20 core assignees were included in the correlations analysis Patent coupling technique was used 190 coupling pairs were formed and only 23 pairs shared coupling patents Toyo and Wakunaga gets the highest coupling index among 23 coupling pairs - nucleic acid testing technologies Wakunage, Toyo, Takera, Asahi and Mitsubishi have higher CS comparing to other 20 core assignees 14

Correlations Analysis of Core Assignees - Clusters Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Classifying Sum of CI Cluster Assignees Technical Name C 1 Asahi, Kyowa, Takeda Genes encoding animal proteins 0. 095 C 2 Canon, Hitachi, Mochida Nucleic acid measurement 0. 045 C 3 Japan-Tobacco, Takara, Kirin Introduction of genetic materials 0. 048 C 4 Ajinomoto, Chemo, Mitsubishi, Suntory Genetic encoding animal proteins/ Introduction of genetic materials 0. 085 15

Discussions l Finding l l Japan is the leading country both in productivity and research impact in GE research among JKT Core assignees are the potential techniques partners The possible development - Integrating the researches of Plant DNA Recombinant Technology and Agriculture in Taiwan Further studies l l Other technical areas Science Linkage 16

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