Passive Transport CIE Biology Jones pp 79 -85 (Not water potential) 11 Biology 2017 -2018 Learning Objective: 1. To explain the mechanism of passive transport 2. Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances. Success Criteria 1. Describe types of passive transport in oral or written form. 2. Explain passive transport mechanism 3. Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement. 4. Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio. 5. Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Terminology English Surface area to Volume SA: V Ratio Contents Google Russian Площадь поверхности до объема SA: V соотношение содержание Passive transport Concentration gradient High to low – downhill Equilibrium Permeable, semipermeable, nonpermeable Diffusion - simple - facilitative - osmosis Facilitative channel carrier protein Пассивный транспорт Градиент концентрации Высокий - низкий - спуск равновесный Проницаемый, полупроницаемый, непроницаемый диффузия - просто - облегчение - осмос стимулированию канал белка-носителя
Surface Area to Volume SA: V CIE Biology Jones pp 79 -85 (Not water potential) G 11 Biology 2017 -2018 Learning Objective: 1. Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances. Success Criteria 1. Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement. 2. Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio. 3. Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Surface Area to Volume SA: V Surface Area Video Practical - (10 min) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=CNk. P 4 ryc. Lb. I
Effect of increase in size on surface area For each of the ‘organisms’ above work out the surface area, volume and then surface area to volume ratio. Q 1 on handout. SA=6 Vol=1 SA/V=6 SA=24 Vol= 8 SA/Vol=3 SA=96 Vol=64 SA/Vol=1. 5 What is the consequence of this? Q 2 on handout The larger an organism, the more exchange has to take place to meet the organism’s needs (larger volume) – but each unit of its volume is supplied by a proportionally decreasing surface area.
How can an organism increase in volume while still managing to exchange enough nutrients by diffusion? Answer questions 3 & 4 on handout. D SA= 34 V=8 SA: V= 4. 25 E SA=28 V= 8 SA: V=3. 5 To obtain sufficient oxygen for the demands of the cells in the body organisms need to greatly increase the surface area of the gas exchange surface without significantly increasing volume. Extension Question on handout: Dessication/dehydration problems – surface also has a protective function.
Wall of alveolus alveoli bronchiole
Summary: Why Surface Area to Volume is Important in Living Things. - Substances need to be taken in to the cell to fuel reactions and waste products need to be removed - Increase in cell size leads to increase in chemical reactions more substances needed in and more substances needing to be removed - Surface area affects the rate at which particles enter and exit the cell - Volume affects the rate of the chemical activities - When the volume increases so does the surface area but not to the same extent - As the cell gets larger, its surface area to volume ratio gets smaller - If the ratio gets too small, particles will not be able to enter and exit the cell fast enough - Results in accumulation of waste products and overheating of the cell
Passive Transport CIE Biology Jones pp 79 -85 (Not water potential) G 11 Biology 20172018 Learning Objective: 1. To explain the mechanism of passive transport 2. Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances. Success Criteria 1. Describe types of passive transport in oral or written form. 2. Explain passive transport mechanism 3. Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement. 4. Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio. 5. Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Revise: Cell Membrane • Cell membrane is semi- or selectively permeable – not all molecules can pass through. Lipid Bilayer Proteins Transport Proteins Carbohydrates Receptors
Two types of transport
![Diffusion High moves substance [high] to [low]. • Uses the kinetic energy – from](https://present5.com/presentation/295915938_454907917/image-24.jpg "Diffusion High moves substance [high] to [low]. • Uses the kinetic energy – from")
Diffusion High moves substance [high] to [low]. • Uses the kinetic energy – from movement, NO ATP energy. Low
High Low
Passive transport uses a concentration gradient • The difference in concentration of a given molecule between two points is called the concentration gradient. High • The larger the gradient, the greater the net movement of the molecules. • Molecules continue to move until equilibrium. High to Low Equilibrium (gradient = 0) Low
We will look at Passive Transport Only Does not require energy (ATP). Molecules move [high] to [low]. Three major types: High • Simple Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis Low
High Low Passive Transport Movement of molecules High Low
Simple Diffusion across a Membrane High -small molecules may pass through the semi- permeable membrane Gases: N 2, O 2, CO 2 Water: H 2 O Water (passes through the membrane, but will passes faster through an aquaporin, a channel protein that specifically transports water through the membrane) Low
Facilitated Diffusion High Molecules move through proteins in the membrane by the concentration gradient. • [high] to [low] • No ENERGY (ATP) Low
Facilitative Diffusion -solute passes directly through -no change of protein shape - solute binds to protein changes shape Solute passes through High Low
Osmosis Involves Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane or through a aquaporin. • Very important in living organisms. High Low
Look at the images and fill in the blank • • Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis Surface area
Respiration – Gas exchange Lung 1. CO 2 and O 2 gas exchange between the blood and alveoli of the lungs is ________ Alveoli are clusters of small clusters of round, hollow, clusters that are a single cell thickness in order to increase the cells ___________.
Dialysis – removal of wastes from blood 2. Removal of small wastes by dialysis through a semipermeable membrane wastes is _____________
Kidney Filtration HO 3. 2 reabsorption is _________ Filtration of Na. Cl / Urea / small molecules is ____
Plant Cells 4. Movement of H 2 O in a plant is _____. Cells are small because it increases ______.
Erythrocytes RBC 5. Movement of H 2 O in a RBC is _______
Placental Exchange of Nutrients, Wastes, Gases 6. Exchange of small nutrient molecules, wastes and gases would be ______. Larger molecules like glucose would be exchanged by a protein carrier – __________, while water need by the fetus would be transported by ___________.
Gas exchange in Fish • Exchange of gases through the respiratory gills of fish is _______, but it is driven (powered) by the movement of water________. Gills of fish are flat and thin to increase ___________to increase the rate of the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and ammonia
Root hair cells Absorb water and minerals dissolved in water through _______ and ________ Root hairs are thin and long to increase __________ for absorption.
Glucose Absorption Glucose is a large molecule and must use a _________(carrier protein) to enter cell.
Absorption of Nutrients-Small Intestine 1. Digestion Enzymes on lumen wall of small intestine digest disaccharides into monosaccharide's. 2. Absorption Monosaccharide's are absorbed into cells of the lumen of the small intestine by _________ 3. Absorption Monosaccharide's leave the intestine to the bloodstream by _________ and enter the blood for distribution throughout the body.
Neural Transmission ________ of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles toward the neurotransmitter receptors, move from and area of high concentration to low concentration.
Fill in the Blank Key
Respiration – Gas exchange Lung 1. CO 2 and O 2 gas exchange between the blood and alveoli of the lungs is Diffusion. Alveoli are clusters of small clusters of round, hollow, clusters that are a single cell thickness in order to increase the cells surface area.
Dialysis – removal of wastes from blood 2. Removal of small wastes by dialysis through a semipermeable membrane wastes is Diffusion
Kidney Filtration HO 3. 2 reabsorption is Osmosis Filtration of Na. Cl / Urea / small molecules is Diffusion
Plant Cells 4. Movement of H 2 O in a plant is Osmosis. Cells are small because it increases surface area.
Erythrocytes RBC 5. Movement of H 2 O in a RBC is Osmosis
Placental Exchange of Nutrients, Wastes, Gases 6. Exchange of small nutrient molecules, wastes and gases would be diffusion. Larger molecules like glucose would be exchanged by a protein carrier – facilitated diffusion, while water need by the fetus would be transported by osmosis.
Gas exchange in Fish • Exchange of gases through the respiratory gills of fish is diffusion, but it is driven (powered) by the movement of water-osmosis. Gills of fish are flat and thin to increase surface area to increase the rate of the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and ammonia
Root hair cells Absorb water and minerals dissolved in water through diffusion and osmosis Root hairs are thin and long to increase surface area for absorption.
Glucose Absorption Glucose is a large molecule and must use a facilitated diffusion (carrier protein) to enter cell.
Absorption of Nutrients-Small Intestine 1. Digestion Enzymes on lumen wall of small intestine digest disaccharides into monosaccharide's. 2. Absorption Monosaccharide's are absorbed into cells of the lumen of the small intestine by facilitative diffusion. 3. Absorption Monosaccharide's leave the intestine to the bloodstream by facilitated diffusion and enter the blood for distribution throughout the body.
Neural Transmission Diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles toward the neurotransmitter receptors, move from and area of high concentration to low concentration.
Video • Passive (1 min) and active transport https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=kfy 92 hda. AH 0 • Membrane proteins https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s 0 p 1 ztrb. XPY • Volume of a cube https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 BRVPOZh. Gf. M
On back of paper make three columns Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Transport 1. Sort out different cards as to which type of transport they best represent, a few cards may represent more than one type of transport. 2. Write a brief description of each form of transport represented. 3. Restack the cards and return to instructor.
C - Cell E- Environment Match! C-Hypertonic E-Hypotonic water enters A. Drink large volumes of water B. Doesn’t drink water C. Membrane permeable to water 1. Excrete large volumes of watery urine C-Hypotonic E-Hypertonic water exits 2. Gills pump excess salts out of body 3. Contractile vacuole pumps water out Paramecium C E Marine Sea Animal Freshwater fish C E
Cell shrinks –crenates -cell dies Cell membrane pulls away from cell wall –plasmolysis -cell dies Cell: hypertonic Environment: hypotonic Water enters cell Water exits cell Isotonic Cell: hypertonic Environment: Hypotonic Plant wilts Cell: hypotonic Environment: Hypotonic Normal state for animal cells Cell: hypotonic Environment: hypertonic No net movement of water. Isotonic No net movement of water. Match!
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