• • • particulate matter – твердые вещества worldwide – по всему миру to be linked to – быть связанным с чем-то respiratory and cardiovascular system – дыхательная и сердечнососудистая система smoke stacks – дымовые трубы marine vessels – морские суда varnish and solvents – лаки и растворители landfills – мусорная свалка flammable and explosive - огнеопасный и взывчатый germ warfare – бактериологическое оружие
• • • filthy air – загрязненный воздух obesity – ожирение life expectancy – продолжительность жизни ill-considered - непродуманный to curb global warming – для сдерживания глобального потепления zoning – деление города на функциональные зоны digestion – пищеварение radioactive decay within the Earth's crust – радиоактивный распад в земной коре carbon monoxide – угарный газ VOCs (Volatile organic compounds ) – ЛОС (летучие органические соединения) sulfur, chlorine and ash – сера, хлор и пепел
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.
- 2. 4 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution - worldwide more deaths per year are linked to air pollution than to automobile accidents - the human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system
Anthropogenic sources (human activity) mostly related to burning different kinds of fuel • "Stationary Sources" : smoke stacks of power plants, factories and waste incinerators, furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices • "Mobile Sources" include motor vehicles, marine vessels, aircraft and the effect of sound etc. • Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture and forestry management. • Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents • Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane. Methane is not toxic; however, it is highly flammable and may form explosive mixtures with air. • Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare and rocketry
Natural sources • Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation • Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle • Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust. • Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires • Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally significant amounts of VOCs on warmer days. These VOCs react with primary anthropogenic and produce a seasonal haze of secondary pollutants. • Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates
Britain's filthy air kills 50, 000 people a year – more than obesity, passive smoking or traffic accidents, a damning report by MPs has said. Poor air quality is linked to respiratory illness, heart disease and asthma, conditions which can dramatically lower life expectancy. In towns and cities, 70 per cent of pollution was caused by transport, which linked to the most health problems.
The extent of pollution and ecological collapse in Russia is due to decades of ill-considered military and industrial development undertaken in virtual secrecy and with scant concern for the environmental and health consequences The fires in Russia have caused death and destruction. Those same wildfires are causing air pollution problems well beyond Russia's borders. All of this is in year with a record-breaking heat wave. Increased carbon monoxide in the atmosphere is creating more smog and making breathing difficult for sensitive
Industrialized countries are working to reduce levels of sulfur dioxide, smog, and smoke in order to improve people's health. Most people agree that to curb global warming, a variety of measures need to be taken.
There are various air pollution control technologies and land use planning strategies available to reduce air pollution. At its most basic level land use planning is likely to involve zoning and transport infrastructure planning Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation, expanding regulation to new sources, increase fuel efficiency and conversion to cleaner fuels
• Creating a simplified design of the plant. Often the site plot plan makes a good starting place. • Taking this design, parameterizing and describing the details with an array of important numbers, such as building dimensions, stack heights and locations. • Deciding, sometimes with the guidance of regulatory personnel or government websites, which approved models to use. • Examining the output from the air quality modeling. • Offering solutions and alternatives to clients when a problem arises. • Attending hearings to testify as expert witnesses on behalf of the client.