Paronyms
Paronymy- (Greek ‘παρα’ - contiguity, ‘ὄνομα’ – name) – it is a partial sound similarity of words with their semantic difference (full or partial). Paronyms are words which because of similarity of sound or partial identity of morphemic structure can be erroneously or punningly used in speech.
Examples: proscribe – prescribe affect – effect allusion – illusion accept – except loose – lose, etc.
Paronyms cannot be called variants of one and the same word, they are different words. ‘Why, your father has got some nonsense in his head that he’s the son of a poor gentleman that dies the other day, ’ said Mrs. Squeers. ‘The son of a gentleman!’ ‘Yes, but I don’t believe a word of it. If he is a gentleman’s son at all, he’s a fondling, that’s my opinion. ’ Fondling - ласка Foundling - подкидыш, найденыш
e. g. : I assure you that the company will ensure to insure your most valuable possessions. • assure – verb – to give confidence to smth • ensure – verb – to guarantee • insure – verb – to provide for compensation if some specified risk occurs
Paronyms are most of the time quasinonhomographic homonyms. The entirely mechanical likeness (or shadow of a likeness) creates a certain amount of mutual attraction between words and thus paves the way for certain stylistic effects, for example:
1. Malapropisms is based on contamination of bookish words which uneducated people are not familiar with. Abs: Ask the lady, sir. Mrs. Malaprop: Oh, mercy! – I’m quite analysed for my part. paralysed - analysed
2. Folk etymology ‘And how many hours a day did you do lessons? ’ said Alice, in a hurry to change the subject. ‘Ten hours the first day, ’ said the Mock Turtle: ‘nine the next, and so on. ’ ‘What a curious plan!’ exclaimed Alice. ‘That’s the reason they’re called lessons, ’ the Gryphon remarked, ‘because they lessen from day to day. ’
3. Puns ‘And if you are not doubly fast with my breakfast I shall fasten my boot on the posterior portion of your miserable anatomy. ’
Comic effect e. g. : ‘I suppose Stiffy’s sore about this. . . what’s the word? . . . Not vaseline. . . Vacillation, that’s it. Vacillation - непостоянство
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