Pakistan and The World Juwairia Abrar
Relation of Pakistan and Afghanistan
OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF GOOD RELATIONS Afghanistan did not recognize Pakistan as an independent country. (1947) A border dispute right from the start caused great difficulties. Only one anti-Pakistan Vote polled by Afghanistan in UN. It supported Pakhtunistan movement. Supported to the separatist Movement in KPK.
OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF GOOD RELATIONS Afghan cooperation with Russia for use of land route instead of Pakistan. Attacked on Pakistan Embassy in Kabul( in March 1955) Broke off Diplomatic relation( for five months in 1955, and 1961, ). Armed Afghans were driven out by Pakistani soldiers( in May 1961) Neutral role during Pak-Indo Wars Support to Mujahideens in Afghanistan by Pakistan (Pakistan came under attacks of USSR).
STEPS TAKEN BY BOTH SIDES TO IMPROVE THE RELATIONS Visit of Iskander Mirza to Afghanistan( in 1956). Visit to Zulfikar Ali Bhotto to Afghanistan( 1973) Pakistan permitted aircrafts to fly over Pakistan and Afghan Trucks to pass through the country on the way to India. Pakistan supported and accommodated a flood of Aghani Refugees.
Pakistan-KSA
History Middle Ages; when Arab traders were the main supply chain of silk, saffron, spices, cotton and other goods between Pakistan and Europe through the silk route, over centuries of history exist in relations between the two lands
Two Holy Cities Makkah Madina
1965 & 1971 Wars Domestic and Financial help
Golden Era of Shah Faisal
Pakistani role in development of Saudi Pakistan has provided assistance in the field of Science & Technology , infrastructure development and many more fields Pakistan is providing training facilities to Saudi Armed forces
Gulf War Some 5, 000 Pakistani troops were stationed in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates as part of the U. S. -led Persian Gulf War efforts in 1990
NUCLEAR DEAL 1. One of the more significant cooperation has been the Pakistan – Saudi Arabia interlinkages in respect of Saudi Arabia’s plans for nuclear weapons 2. Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program 3. 1998 -Pakistan responded to India nuclear test due to which western sanctions were imposed
Saudi Arabia supplied free to Pakistan 50, 000 barrels of oil per day contingency plans exist for Pakistan to provide nuclear weapons to Saudi Arabia at short notice. 2003 -Crown Prince Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz approved continuation of free crude oil Saudi oil deliveries were part of strategic relationship in which Pakistan provided technical help and nuclear umbrella
1990 ONWARDS 1. Longstanding and intimate relationship between both countries 2. Nuclear deterrence for Saudi against a third party 3. Faced common enemies in the past successfully-IRAN 4. Face a common enemy today in the face of al Qaeda 5. In turn, Pakistan has provided military aid and expertise to the kingdom for decades-close ties between militaries today 6. Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s largest arms importers and Pakistan is seeking to wean it off its traditional European and US suppliers 7. Both were supporting Taliban but in 2001 Saudia broke ties with Taliban
AID More aid received compared to any other country in Arab world 2001 - 380 billion soft loan given to support budget of Pakistan (200 million-budget spending, 100 million for fertilizers, 80 million for financing hydro power project) 2003 -deferred payments of $2 billion by Pakistan turned into grants 2006 -aid and free trade Pakistan is a GCC member
• 2005 earthquake -Saudi Arabia topped the list of donor countries. • Official aid followed by large investments from Saudi princes and from religious institutions e. g. Pakistani madrassa educational system, for instance, is Saudi funded by private donors. 2005 -2006 -272 million of Foreign direct Investment CHEQUE BOOK-DIPLOMACY
Pakistan UAE relations
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven states, termed emirates, which are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah. The United Arab Emirates has the world's seventh largest oil reserves and possesses one of the most developed economies in the Middle East.
UAE’s Foreign policy based on Adoption of dialogue Respect of international conventions Commitment to the United Nations Charter Non-interference of other country's internal affairs The settlement of disputes by peaceful means.
Pakistan and the UAE enjoy extremely close relations, founded on deep-rooted cultural affinities, shared faith and traditions, as also geographic proximity and identity of interests. UAE has been a major donor of economic assistance to Pakistan. Example Sheikh Zayed International Airport in Rahim Yar Khan. UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan's major economic and trading partners. UAE and Pakistan share strategic partnership and diplomatic relations are based on mutual respect, cooperation, coordination and commitment.
UAE in Pakistan: United Arab Emirates is the largest single investor in Pakistan, which is reflective of the close relationship between the two countries. Economic Partnership: UAE is the third largest trading partner of Pakistan. Win-win position for both the countries. Largest privatization deal was finalized between Etisalat and PTCL. Many other UAE based companies working in Pakistan including PARCO, Wateen, EMAAR etc. A Second home: There already around 700, 000 Pakistani Expatriates living and working in the UAE
A friend in need: UAE launches its program for reconstruction of earthquake affected areas in Pakistan, October 2005. The UAE government immediately pledge $ 100 million towards President’s Earthquake Relief Fund. UAE is a founding member of Friends of Democratic Pakistan which seeks to help Pakistan address its security, development, energy and institution building challenges.
PAKISTAN AND TURKEY
Turkey - Introduction Turkey is a country with 99% Muslim population Turkish is mainly spoken and Kurdish in the south-east. Population : 73, 914, 260
Historical Perspective Since, Pakistan and Turkey both are Muslim states, the relations have been friendly so far Even before the birth of Pakistan, during WOI 1857, Muslim soldiers of the sub-continent refused to fight Turkish Muslims. There were a number of protests launched in India against the fall of Caliphate in Turkey
Historical Perspective Pakistan was formed on pure ideological reasons whereas Turkey is a state which follows secularism To allow socio-economic development, Pakistan, Turkey and Iran established the RCD in 1964 Turkey supports Pakistan on the Kashmir dispute and Pakistan supports them on the Cyprus conflict
The 80’s The RCD was replaced by ECO (economic cooperation organization) In 1985 It was initiated by Pakistan, Iran and Turkey but now it has 10 members which includes 7 Asian and 3 Eurasian nations It is an ad-hoc organization to UN
The 90’s and the present ECO cultural institute was signed at Islamabad in 1995 to foster rich culture heritage of Turkey, Iran and 10 other Asian states mid 1990’s, The hero of the nation, Dr. A Q Khan visited turkey for technological cooperation. In 2004, President Gen Pervez Musharraf visited Turkey.
The 90’s and the present President Zardari visited Turkey in 2008 to discuss whether General Musharraf should be exiled In October 2009, Turkish PM, Mr. . Erdogan addressed a joint session of two houses of the parliament of Pakistan Recently Turkish President Gul visited Pakistan and was awarded Honorary Ph. D degree
Areas of Convergence Trade, business, investment, defense production, tourism, educational and cultural cooperation are all areas where the perceptions and interests of Turkey and Pakistan converge. Efforts are constantly being made to tap the potential advantage which can be derived from the cooperation of both the states
Areas of Divergence Afghanistan, Kashmir, Israel, nuclear proliferation and, most recently, democracy are five areas where the perceptions and interests of Turkey and Pakistan diverge Turkey does not recognize Taliban regime in Afghanistan (Turkmen-Pakistan gas pipeline project)
Areas of Divergence Turkey supported the Lahore declaration that Kashmir Issue should be solved through bilateral talks. But after Kargil, the Lahore declaration was reversed Turkey-Israel connection is another area where the two states diverge but Pakistan understands compulsions on turkey Mr. Ecevit's Statement in New Delhi. (being against Islamism militants in Kashmir)
PAK-IRAN RELATIONS
PAK-IRAN RELATIONS Pakistan and Iran are close neighbours, sharing 909 km border in the western side. They are bound together in culture, religion, ethnicity and traditions since times immemorial. Iran was the first country to accord international recognition to Pakistan when it was established in 1947. *Both of the countries have supported each other financially, economically, militarily and politically. *Iran Supported Pakistan in the two Indo-Pak wars (1965, 1971) financially and militarily and in return Pakistan supported iran in iran-iraq war in 1980 s, Since 2000, the relations between each state has been normalized and economical and military collaboration has strengthened the relations ever since.
COUNTRY COMPARISON IRAN PAKISTAN Population 77, 356, 669 180, 440, 005 Area 1, 648, 195 km² (636, 372 sq mi) 796, 095 km² (307, 374 sq mi) Population Density 48/km² (117. 4/sq mi) 226. 6/km² (555/sq mi) Capital Largest City Tehran Islamabad Tehran Karachi Government Islamic republic, Theocratic, and Unitary state Islamic republic, Federal, parliamentary democratic republic National language Persian Urdu, English Main Religions 98% Islam (90% Shi'a 10% Sunni), 95% Islam (85% Sunni, 10% 2% religious minorities, including Bahá'ís, Shi'a), 1. 6% Christianity, 1. 6% Mandeans, , Zoroastrians, Jews, Hinduism, 2. 0% others and Christians
Beginning of journey PAK Iran relations started when the Prime minister of pakistan visited iran in 1949 and as a return shah of iran visited pakistan with some cabinet members. In May 1950, a treaty of friendship was signed by the Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan and Shah of Iran and then a baghdad pact known as CENTO was signed between Turkey, pakistan, iran , iraq and United Kingdom for mutual co-operation and protection, as well as non-intervention in each other's affairs
Support in war time After the joining in *R. C. D (Regional Co-operation for development) in 1964, there was a period of wars for pakistan In 1965, In INDO-PAK war, Iran played an important role in Indo-Pakistani war in 1965 and its qualified nurses, medical supplies, and a gift of 5, 000 tons of petroleum for the duration of the fighting. Iran was also reported to have purchased 90 Sabre Jet Fighters from West Germany and to have sent them to Pakistan During the 1971 war with India, Pakistan received full military and diplomatic support from Iran against India. *Which dissolved in 1979 and after that six more members Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan were included and its neme changed int Economic Co-operation for Development(E. C. O).
ECONOMIC ties with IRAN Extension of Economic Co-operation for Development(E. C. O) in 1985 led to growth of Iran-Pakistan strategic partnership. Pakistan joint economic commision was establish in 1986. Khatami visited Islamabad in 2002 and signed several agreements including bilateral trade on co-operation in plant protection and Quarantine. Trade between Pakistan and Iran was marely $500 million but that was much better that time. Pakistan and Iran signed Prefrential Trade Agreement in 2004
ECONOMIC ties with IRAN In 2008, Iran agreed to finance an energy project in Pakistan worth 60 million $ with 1000 MW Electricity. International Fraight Rail line worth $20 billion from Islamabad to Istanbul via Tehran agreement signed in 2009. Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline-talks begins in 1994. India has IPI deal but Iran and Pakistan signed their first gas pipeline deal in february 2010.
HISTORY GAS PIPELINE ISSUE In 1988, the gas reservoirs were discovered in Iran. In 1995, Pakistan and Iran signed a preliminary agreement for construction of a natural gas pipeline linking the Iranian South Pars natural gas field in the Persian Gulf with Karachi, In 2000, Indian, Iranian, and Pakistani government officials continue to negotiate the possible routes, modes of transport, and geopolitics of the Iran to India natural gas pipeline.
AMERICAN INFLUANCE Americans are against the Iran's government. They never want Iran to be economically strong. As America is involved on both sides of Iran, due to this pipeline Iran's economy will be strong and its nuclear program seem to be completed.
AMERICAN ROLE § During the recent general assembly session, a resolution that the Iranian nuclear issue be sent to security council presented by America. § India was asked to vote for the resolution on the cost of nuclear reactor offered by America. § India had no choice but to vote for the resolution. § This Indian action annoyed Iranians, and at the first instant they refused to construct the pipeline. § Pressure on the Iran's nuclear program is also due to this pipeline
Defence Cooperation is one of the most important component in Iran-Pakistan relations. Pakistan-Iran Defence Agreement was signed in july 1989. Iran involved in joint production of Al-Khalid tanks. There was also the Baghdad pact known as CENTO signed between Pak-iran and others.
Pakistan-India Relations
HISTORICAL ENEMIES OF ENTIRE CONTINENT 3 Major Wars Are Held between Both 1964 , 1971, 1999 Major Conflicts Are: Kashmir LOC Water Cross Border Terrorism Misunderstandings And Emotions Put nations On War Situation At Any Time Religious Differences Creates Problems Trade Partners Also
MAJOR WARS 65, 71, 99 First War Was In 1965 In Which India This War Was Started To Capture Jammu And Kashmir India Attacked Border Areas Like Lahore , Sialkot And Other Areas For Major Civilian Causality Pakistan Army And Civilians Fight Bravely Against Them In Every War 2 nd War 1971 In Which Pakistan Put Weapons Down After A Huge War On Both East And West Borders Of Pakistan 3 rd War 1999 The KARGIL WAR To Get Control On Tiger Hill On Which The Control Of Whole KASHMIR Depends Mini Wars! Firing And Gola Bari Is Routine On Borders
MAJOR CONFLICTS KASHMIR: The Beautiful Heaven In The World Half Controlled By Pakistan And Remaining India Majority In Kashmir Are Muslims And Against Endia, Mujahedeen's Are Sacrificing Their Lives And Politicians Are Wasting Time In UN And Other World Peace Organizations The Most Old Conflict And Subject of War Between Two Countries WATER: Indus Water , Chenab, Sutlej All Waters Are Now In Control Of India With Which India Controls Yearly Floods Which Destroys Major Infrastructures CROSS BORDER TERRORISM: India Is Involved In Terrorism In Pakistan Specially In Karachi And Baluchistan The Hubs Of Pakistani Economy And History Funding's Are Specially Provided To GHADDARS (TRAITORS) OF NATION
RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES ISLAM HINDUISM • Muslims Believes On One Allah And Last Prophet (P. B. U. H) Hindus Have Many gods And They Worship The Idols • Muslims Sacrifice Animals Like Cows Goat Sheep's etc Hindus Believes That Animals Are gods and Angles of Their Religion And They Also Worship Them • Muslims Pray In Masjids And Their Holy Places Have Own Importance And dignity Hindus Pray In Temples (Mandir) In standing Position towards idols. • Music And Dancing Is Prohibited In Islam Music And Dancing Is The Major Part Of Hinduism • Only one Ummah (No division on color or race basis etc. ) There are four casts in Hindus
TRADE BETWEEN PAK INDIA Bilateral trade between India and Pakistan grew 21% to $2. 4 billion last year According to latest figures the volume of bilateral trade recorded a net increase of $410 million from April last year to March this year. Pakistan’s exports to India grew 28% while Indian exports to Pakistan increased 19% Pakistan exports rice, kinnows, mangoes, furniture, cotton fiber, cement, tiles, marble, textiles, clothing, leather g oods, sports goods (renowned for footballs/soccer balls), Cutlery, surgical instruments, electrical appliances, software, carpets, rugs, chicken, p owdered milk, wheat, seafood (especially shrimp/prawns), vegetables, processed food items
CONCLUSION To Resolve Issues Between Two Nation Is Necessity For Regional Peace And Global Peace Negotiations Are The Only Way To Resolve Key Issues Like KASHMIR And WATER Mutual Friendship Is Impossible Between These Two’s Pakistan Needs Peace And India Has Target Of Akhannd Baharat in Which Pakistan Is Biggest Problem.
Russia, Pakistan & China
Contents New bipolar world Recent relations between Pakistan and Russia Pakistan-China-Russia a new big three Concerns of Russia after economic hit in 2014 Formidable China-Russia-Pakistan triangle China and Russia: enemy of my enemy is my friend Challenge for the next president of U. S. in 2016
New bipolar world The world is coming toward a bipolar world with China, Russia, Pakistan and a number of other authoritarian countries of Central Asia on one side, and the U. S. , EU, Japan and their Asian allies on the other side.
Recent relations between Pakistan and Russia The relations between Russia and Pakistan have recently seen a significant change. The two countries – who were Cold War rivals – are getting closer and increasing military cooperation and relations in other sectors as well.
Russia Army War Games Pakistan Army actively participated in Russian Army War Games 2015 held in Russian Far east. Pakistan was also among the 6 countries that took part in Master of The Air Defense Battle Competition besides Russia, China, Egypt, Venezuela and Belarus
Pak-Russia Military Cooperation Increasing military cooperation between Islamabad and Moscow would not negatively impact Russia’s ties with India, Pak-Russia ties are improving in other sectors as well, including energy, Ryabkov said.
Pakistan-China-Russia: A new big 3 China, who is a traditional ally of Pakistan and has always supported the country against its historical rival India with its military equipment and in the fields of diplomacy, is showing clear signs of forming this new China-Russia-Pakistan triangle, which is likely to lead to the bipolar world.
Concerns of Russia after economic hit in 2014 After the Russian economy had been hit by Western sanctions in the summer of 2014, the Kremlin started to look in the direction of Asia, particularly Pakistan.
Formidable Pakistan-China-Russia Triangle Moscow’s soft and friendly attitude towards Islamabad Pak-Russia armament deal Pak-Russia Gas pipeline deal Pak-China Economic Corridor Pakistan-China-Russia ties, need of the hour
Moscow’s soft and friendly attitude towards Islamabad Moscow lifted its self-imposed arms embargo on Islamabad in November 2014. Then the Cold War rivals signed a historical military cooperation agreement, which was based on exchange of politico-military information, beefing up the countries’ defense and counterterrorism sectors as well as combining their efforts on developments in Afghanistan.
Pakistan-Russia Armament Deal Russia and Pakistan have already started collaborating in the areas of defense and energy resources. Islamabad may purchase Mi-35 combat helicopters in addition to importing of the Klimov RD-93 engines from Russia for its JF-17 multi-role fighters. It must be noted that China and Pakistan are involved in co-production and codevelopment of JF-17 fighter jets.
Pakistan-China Economic Corridor The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a ongoing development megaproject which aims to connect Gwadar Port in southwestern Pakistan to China’s northwestern independent region of Xinjiang, via a network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas. The economic corridor is considered central to China–Pakistan relations and will run about 3, 000 km from Gwadar to Kashgar.
Pakistan-China-Russia Ties, Need of the hour The formidable triangle between Moscow, Beijing and Islamabad has been shaped from scratch as a result of recent geopolitical shifts. Russian occupation of Crimea as well as the presence of Russian troops in eastern Ukraine have significantly worsened the relations between the West and Moscow, which prompted Russian President Vladimir Putin to look for new allies.
China and Russia: enemy of my enemy is my friend Moscow & Beijing distrusted by U. S and allies Russia-China Same-Same China’s goal to change world order Pak-China defence relations Pakistan-China-Russia security triangle
China’s goal to change world order China & Russia were not always fond of one another, but the “enemy of my enemy is my friend” factor plays a crucial role in the developing relations between China and Russia. China’s goal is to change the world order, for better or worse, and this change begins with Russia and Asia.
Pak-China Defence Relations Having been investing into Pakistan for years, Beijing has also participated in building nuclear reactors for Islamabad. Pakistan is the largest importer of Chinese manufactured defense equipment. Also, Islamabad is willing to buy eight Chinese’s S 20 (Yuan-class) diesel-electric submarines.
PAK VS US RELATION
Introduction: United States of America remains one of the first countries to have established diplomatic ties with Pakistan. Although the relationship dates back to October 20, 1947, it can be extrapolated that the relations have been based strictly on military and economic support.
History: The history of Pak-US relations dates back to 20 October 1947. Primarily this relationship was grounded on economic and military assistance by US; the SEATO & CENTO signed by Pakistan and she become the second biggest receiver of economic and military assistance from US. But the Indo-Pak wars of 1965 and 1971 gave a clear message to the Pakistani leadership and a vivid understanding was developed in the Pakistan that US is not a reliable partner, as US did not supported Pakistan during the time of dire need.
Pakistan was a leading member of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) from its adoption in 1954 -55 and allied itself with the United States during the most of the Cold war. In 1971 -72, Pakistan ended its alliance with the United States after the East-Pakistan war in which East Pakistan successfully seceded with the aid of India. The promise of economic aid from the United States was instrumental in creating these agreements. At the time the pact was adopted, Pakistan's relationship with the United States was the friendliest in Asia
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