Overview of Relevant Instrument Technologies supported by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program GEO-CAPE Community Workshop Karen Moe, NASA Earth Science Technology Office May 11, 2011 karen. moe@nasa. gov http: //esto. nasa. gov
Earth Science Technology Office Targeted, Science-Driven, Competed, Actively Managed Technology Program Current ESTO Investments Supporting GEO-CAPE Infrared Correlation Radiometer PI: D. Neil IIP-07/La. RC IPM: Intelligent Payload Module Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer PI: S. Sander, IIP 07/JPL Space. Cube 2 PI: T. Flatley, AIST-08/GSFC Sensor Web 3 D PI: D. Mandl, AIST-08/GSFC Spectrometer and Radiometer Technologies Pol. Zero Time -Domain Polarization Scrambler PI: R. Illing ACT-08/Ball Aero Pre-Decadal Survey Era # of Awards Supporting Technologies Visible-NIR Blind Focal Plane Arrays PI: S. Janz, ACT-08/GSFC Component Technologies Information Technologies TIMS Tropospheric Infrared Mapping Spectrometer PI: J. Kumer, IIP-04/LMATC In-pixel Digitized ROIC PI: D. Rider, ACT-08/JPL Decadal Survey Era SIRAS-G Spaceborne Infrared Atmospheric Sounder for GEO PI: T. Kampe, IIP-03/Ball Aero Geo-SPEC Geostationary Spectrometer PI: S. Janz, IIP-03/GSFC TTSS-FPI Tropospheric Trace Species Sensing Fabry-Perot Interf. PI: A. Larar, IIP-01/La. RC SOX Sensor-Web Operations Explorer for Atmospheres PI: M. Lee, AIST-05/JPL Since FY’ 07, ESTO has 19 GEO-CAPE related technology development tasks with a total investment of ~$40 M
Technology Goals Reduce payload size (sensors, pointing systems, mirrors) Maintain line-of-sight stabilization for high spatial resolution at GEO Reduce detector pixel size, improve dynamic range Improve optical efficiency, grating throughput Enhance science return Enable retrieval of additional policy-relevant products and extended spatio-temporal products Track episodic events and avoid imaging clouds over coasts Enable cost-effective assessment of measurements from GEO and in-situ platforms (simulation capability) 3
GEO-CAPE Instrument Technology Investments Quad Charts Program End Date Project PI IIP-10 2014 Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer Valle, Ball ATC IIP-10 2014 GEO-TASO: Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization Leitch, Ball ATC IIP-10 2013 Engineering Model Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (EM Pan. FTS) for Geo-CAPE mission Sander, JPL IIP-07 2011 Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Pan. FTS) Instrument for Geo-CAPE Sander, JPL IIP-07 2011 Infrared Correlation Radiometer for Geo-CAPE Neil, La. RC IIP-04 2009 Tropospheric Infrared Mapping Spectrometers (TIMS) Kumer, LM ATC 4
Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer PI: Timothy Valle, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. Objective • Develop a Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer for geostationary (GEO) coastal remote sensing and test it in an operational environment to demonstrate TRL 6. - Key technologies include a butcher block order sorting filter and a blazed, curved grating. - A Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer, employed in a geostationary remote sensing payload, can accomplish the ocean color mission with a small package, fast revisit time, and high SNR by producing hyperspectral images at multiple positions simultaneously, thus, reducing the risk for Geo-CAPE Event Imaging. Approach • Balance the design parameters of the Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer for GEO coastal remote sensing. • Design and build a Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer. • Characterize the performance in a thermal vacuum environment before and after launch vibration. • Show traceability from the measured performance to the Geo. CAPE Event Imager mission. Co. Is/Partners: Curtiss Davis, Oregon State Univ. 5 Key Milestones • IIP Point Design Determination • Detailed Design • Relay Optics • FPA/Filter • System Test (TRL 5) • Post-Vibe System Test (TRL 6) TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 3 10/11 03/12 02/13 03/13 01/14 03/14
GEO-TASO: Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization PI: James Leitch, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. Objective • Demonstrate a compact multi-order 2 channel spectrometer with up to 4 x spectral oversampling. • Determine optimal spectral/spatial sampling and resolution for the Geo-CAPE UV-Vis spectrometer. • Develop a ruggedized airborne sensor to support future Geo-CAPE spectral and spatial trades and validation. • Demonstrate needed retrieval performance under flight-like conditions. Approach • Derive airborne mission and sensor performance requirements. • Design and assemble airborne sensor. • Verify sensor performance in the laboratory including: spectral, spatial, stray light and radiometric precision and accuracy to meet limiting trace gas retrieval case (HCHO). • Conduct two NASA DC-8 data collection flights. • Perform retrieval analysis on airborne data to optimize Geo-CAPE spectral and spatial sampling resolution requirements. Co. Is/Partners: Scott Janz, GSFC, Kelly Chance, Xiang Liu, SAO / Jun Wang, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln 6 Key Milestones • Mission and sensor requirements • Sensor design and long leads on order • Functional test • Environmental test • Performance test • Flight data campaign • Trace gas retrievals on flight data TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 3 08/11 03/12 10/12 11/12 08/13 11/13 03/14
Pan. FTS Instrument Concept PI: Stan Sander, JPL Panchromatic Measurement Concept Instrument Concept • The Pan. FTS design has two separate channels optimized for the infrared and UV-Vis spectral domains, and multiple high speed focal plane arrays (FPAs) which simultaneously capture high-precision interferograms in each pixel for all of the wavelengths in the spectral range • The IR side of the interferometer is based on the flight proven design of the Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (TES on Aura) • The UV-Vis side of the interferometer is based on the Fourier Transform UV Spectrometer (FTUVS) which has been operating for over 12 years at the Table Mountain Facility • The overall design is compact because the two channels share a common fore optics, and a single common interferometer optical path difference mechanism (OPDM) 10/10 • Design Life: 3 years (goal 5 years) • High spectral resolution (0. 06 cm-1) and wide spectral sensitivity (15 m to 0. 26 m) allows simultaneous measurement of reflected sunlight and thermal emission (day and night) enabling retrieval of several important atmospheric composition species such as Pollutants (O 3, NO 2, NH 3, SO 2, HCHO, CH 3 OH, CO), Greenhouse Gases (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, O 3, H 2 O), and Transport Tracers (HDO, N 2 O, O 2, O 4) Technology Assessment / Development Needs • TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 4 • Engineering Model Pan. FTS would advance instrument design to TRL 6 OPDM life test in flight-like thermal-vac conditions Simultaneous IR + Vis measurement of NO 2 demonstrates functional capability for panchromatic
Engineering Model Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (EM Pan. FTS) Instrument for the GEO-CAPE mission PI: Stanley Sander, JPL Objective • Develop a flight size Pan. FTS engineering model instrument which will reduce the risk, cost, size, volume, mass, and development time of an instrument that can make air quality and greenhouse gas measurements for the GEO-CAPE mission. • Demonstrate two key enabling system level technologies: - A flight size FTS instrument that addresses all critical scaling issues and is capable of operation over the flight instrument spectral range (0. 26 µm to 15 µm) - Instrument operation in a space like thermal-vacuum environment demonstrating simultaneous UV-Vis and IR measurements under critical environmental conditions Pan. FTS Instrument Architecture From geostationary orbit the Pan. FTS instrument will make hourly measurements of atmospheric composition with wide spectral sensitivity and high resolution as well as measure important green house gases that inform climate change models Approach • Develop Pan. FTS science and measurement requirements that support Geo-CAPE air quality and climate processes science • Define specifications for an EM instrument design that can demonstrate the critical capabilities of a flight instrument • Acquire and characterize EM components in lab environment and then verify in a relevant space flight operation environment (thermal-vacuum at 180 K) • Integrate EM components and assemblies and verify in lab environment simultaneous UV-Vis and IR measurements over the flight instrument spectral range. Co. Is/Partners: J-F Blavier, K. Bowman, A. Eldering, W. Folkner, J. Neu, D. Rider, J. Worden, JPL 8 Pan. FTS Observational Approach Key Milestones • • • Develop Pan. FTS science measurement and instrument requirements Complete EM instrument design Acquire and test EM components Perform integrated instrument functional tests Acquire preliminary cold testing results Complete flight-like environmental testing and demonstrate EM performance TRLin = 4 TRLcurrent = 4 09/11 03/12 07/12 03/13 09/13 02/14
Infrared Correlation Radiometer for GEO-CAPE PI: Doreen Neil, NASA La. RC Objective • Develop Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer technology to demonstrate the 2. 3 um performance needed for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEOCAPE) Mission. X – Characterize the noise and spectral performance of a laboratory prototype of the SWIR (2. 3 um) subsystem of an infrared gas filter correlation radiometer for geostationary carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. – Verify the instrument model to guide evolving GEOCAPE mission implementation decisions. Infrared Correlation Radiometer for GEO-CAPE Approach • Fabricate the 2. 3 um subsystem of an infrared gas filter correlation radiometer specifically designed for geostationary measurements. • Characterize performance to quantify instrument response functions (spectral, spatial, radiometric, and polarization), and explicitly, an end-to-end noise performance characterization. • Incorporate these characterizations into the CO measurement modeling system for use in GEO-CAPE mission formulation and payload system engineering. Co-Is/Partners: Jack Fishman, William Luck, NASA La. RC; David Edwards, NCAR; Lackson Marufu, UMD 04/11 Key Milestones • • System Requirements Review Critical Design review Test Plan Review Breadboard Assembly complete Characterizations complete Instrument Performance testing Instrument Performance Model TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 3 06/09 08/09 03/10 09/10 01/11 08/11
Tropospheric Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (TIMS) for CO PI: John Kumer, Lockheed Martin Adv. Tech. Center Objective • Develop a miniaturized version of an infrared Grating Mapping Spectrometer (GMS) prototype for mapping tropospheric CO profiles. dewar enclosing 4. 65 mm module Insert picture or graphic here • Validate operational performance in a field demonstration campaign. • Based on validation results, generate a design recommendation for a flight instrument version. On Sep 29, 2010, LMATC flight-tested the TIMS shortwave instrument in a dirigible to assess signal-tonoise with realistic geometry. These post-IIP results are noted in red. UD FTIR Heliostat 4. 65 mm skyview input mirror sunl ight inci den 2. 33 mm spec t on -trometer diff use r dewar for 2. 33 mm detector Diffuser scattering sunlight into the 2. 33 mm input assembly TIMS and FTIR data acquisition at UD, Nov. 2007 Accomplishments: • Developed VSWIR and MWIR portable brassboard spectrometers with required spectral resolution and sensitivity; achieved – Noise equivalent radiance NEd. N = 2. 74 E-10 & 1. 28 E-10 W/(cm 2 srcm-1) for VSWIR & MWIR, respectively, better than threshold values 8 E-10 & 2 E-10 as stated in the original proposal – Spectral resolution. 25 &. 53 cm-1 as compared to goals 0. 13 and 0. 2 cm-1, however these actuals are far better than achieved by previous spectrometers such as SCIAMACHY or AIRS, and coupled with the low noise have facilitated excellent CO retrieval • Demonstrated ability to acquire high quality atmospheric spectra in ground-based tests • Validated retrieval of CO profiles from these spectra through comparison with Denver University FTS measurements • Measurement concept has been demonstrated through ground measurements campaigns and ongoing dirigible flight tests for 2. 3 µm • Developed concepts for flight instrument design, operation, and data production – focus has been on GEO-CAPE Mission • Analysis of 2. 3 and 4. 6 µm instrument performance confirmed Geo-CAPE-capable sensing of CO, CH 4, and O 3, NH 3, (latter with 9. 6 µm) Co-Is/Partners: AE Roche, R. Rairden, JL Mergenthaler, Lockheed; F. Murcray, Denver University; L. Straw, UMBC; R. Chatfield, NASA ARC 04/09 Rev. 11/10 TRLin = 3; TRLout = 5 2010: TRL = ~6
GEO-CAPE Workshop Technology Briefings & Posters Workshop Day/Ti Project me Presenter Ocean Session Thurs/1 Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer : 30 Valle, Ball Aero Atmosphere Session Thurs/2 GEO-TASO: Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Leitch, : 30 Sensor Optimization Ball Aero Atmosphere Session Thurs/2 Engineering Model Panchromatic Fourier : 15 Transform Spectrometer (EM Pan. FTS) for Geo. CAPE mission Sander, JPL Poster Wed/P M Tropospheric Infrared Mapping Spectrometers (TIMS) Kumer, LM ATC Poster Wed/P M NASA Technology Investments for GEO-CAPE Moe, ESTO 11
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