Overview of an Internet Model Prepared for

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Overview of an Internet+ Model Prepared for: INGATE’S SIP TRUNK – UC SEMINARS: SIP Trunking, Video, Collaboration and More ITEXPO Conference, Miami, February 2012 By: Karl Erik Ståhl President Intertex Data AB CEO and Chairman Ingate Systems AB karl. stahl@intertex. se Also see: http: //www. ingate. com/files/An_Internet+_Model_for_Global_Unified_Communication. pdf Internet+ Whitepaper (in progress) Live Demo Presentation from ITEXPO SIP Trunking Summit Miami, February 2011! http: //www. ingate. com/files/ITEXPO_Miami_2011_Presentations/Intertex%20 -%20 UC%20 Across%20 the%20 Borders. pps © 2012 Intertex Data AB 1

More on the Internet+ Model Today 1 st, 1: 30 pm : Overview of an Internet+ Model Thursday 2 nd, 1: 00 pm : Video-Over-IP Driving the Need for an Internet+ Friday 3 rd, 9: 00 am : Bo. F, Room A 208 Birds-of-a-Feather , Session Also see: http: //www. ingate. com/files/An_Internet+_Model_for_Global_Unified_Communication. pdf Whitepaper (in progress) Live Demo Presentation from ITEXPO SIP Trunking Summit Miami, February 2011! http: //www. ingate. com/files/ITEXPO_Miami_2011_Presentations/Intertex%20 -%20 UC%20 Across%20 the%20 Borders. pps © 2012 Intertex Data AB 2

Intertex & Ingate Ø Same parent company Ø Intertex: SMB, SOHO and home SIP Firewalls and E-SBCs • For operator volume deployment Ø Ingate: Enterprise and SMB SIP Firewalls and E-SBCs • SIParators® for enterprises and projects Ø Cooperation in management and development Ø Co-developed SIP code Ø Ingate represents Intertex in the US © 2012 Intertex Data AB 3

Confirmed Interoperability: Ingate & Intertex SIP Trunk Providers § 360 Networks § Airespring § AT&T § Band. Tel § Bandwidth. com § Broadvox § BT (British Telecom) § Cablevision § Cbeyond § Cellip § Comm Partners § Cordia Corporation § Deltacom § Excel Switching § Gamma Telecom § GEOS § Global Crossing § IP-Only § Nectar § Level 3 § Netlogic § Netsolutions § Nexvortex § Nuvox § O 1 § One Communications § Paetec § Primus § RNK Telecom § Skype § TDC § Telavox § Tele 2 § Tele Pacific § Teletek § Telia. Sonera § Toplink § Tritel § Vo. EX § Voice Flex § Vo. IP Unlimited § Voxbone § Voxitas § Xelo. Q More in pipeline. . . Carrier Equipment § Acme Packet § Broadsoft § Genband § Sonus § Sylantro § SER § NSN More in pipeline… IP-PBXs SIP Trunk Compliant with § Aastra/Ericsson MX One § Adtran UC Server § Digium/Asterisk § Avaya Aura § Avaya IP Office § Avaya SES/CM § Avaya QE § Brekeke § Broadsoft § Cisco § Fonality § HP/3 Com -VCX § Innovaphone § Interactive Intelligence § Iwatsu § LG Nortel § Microsoft OCS § Mitel § NEC / Sphere § Nortel BCM § Nortel SCS § Objectworld § Panasonic § Samsung § SER § Shoretel § Siemens § SIP-Gear § Swyx More in pipeline. .

Are we Finally Getting it All Together? Ø POTS and PSTN have been there for 100 years 3. 5 k. Hz RJ 11 isn’t Hi. Fi, Black but MOS Phone is 5! Ø Now we have a new global network: The IP Networks Ø And we have a new standard: SIP RJ 45 IP Phone Soft Client Wi. Fi Mobile Presence LAN Intranet Internet Messaging © 2012 Intertex Data AB Voice Video 6

Sorry, it’s POTSo. IP Ø SIP has been Used to Replace Pieces of the PSTN Maintaining Old Structures POTSo. IP § Today, we use the Internet for all smart communication, but lack global real-time communication, multimedia or UC. § We get the 100 years Plain Old Telephony Service (POTS) maybe cheaper and more flexible. But is the way forward? We had a cloud that could transport all communication, including voice and UC. § Session Delivery Network (SDN) and IMS © 2012 Intertex Data AB 7

It’s Not Even Good for FAXing Ø And Carriers Peer their Networks PSTN Style… It is even destructive for the 160 years old Fax service* * Mike Coffee, CEO of Commetrex: Work in progress by SIP Forum’s Fo. IP Task Group and the i 3 Forum. T. 38 works fine in one hop! Ø And their billing is by voice minutes – Far away from any UC! Ø And where did the reliability, scalability and good performance of IP go? © 2012 Intertex Data AB 8

Internet has Shown the Success of a Cloud! We need this for global UC: SIP Connect 1. 1 But got this (SDN/IMS): (Wires on top of the cloud!? Wasn’t creating the cloud the success? ) Internet With: 1. All you can do with SIP - UC 2. Full mobility 3. Numbers and SIP addresses 4. Quality up to Telepresence 5. Interoperability – Don’t GW, unless required 6. Delivery to the users Internet+ Session Delivery Network (SDN) = POTSo. IP

Provide Internet+ so we can get Telephony+ Ø UC rich communication (not just AM radio quality Voice): Bring the islands (Enterprise UC LAN, Skype, Google Talk and others) together! Ø Deliver to the users: On LANs and with Smart Phones! Ø UC should be global, with quality and with phone numbers as well as SIP-addresses! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 10

We Are (sometimes) Doing Better! Soft. Switch/SBC Overlay GW PSTN UC Voice Mail Remote Users SIParator® IP-PBX Ingate/Intertex E-SBCs enable SIP based Live UC Across the Borders! (SIP does not traverse ordinary NAT/Firewalls. ) Data & Vo. IP LAN Users and Services can be Everywhere: SIP must connect there! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 11

So, Don’t Just Feed SIP Into POTSo. IP… ONLY FOR POTS Soft. Switch/SBC Overlay GW PSTN UC Voice Mail Remote Users SIParator® Follow standards so we don’t need gateways, here, there and everywhere! IP-PBX We do everything else successfully, flat over the Data & Vo. IP LAN Internet. Please let us have the same for all real-time communication also. The Internet+ Thanks! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 13

Time for Something Better: Internet+ Learn from the success of the Internet: Networks shall Not Be Application Specific! The Internet+: A non application-specific transport network: Just like the Internet! It IS the Internet – just extended: + Delivery to the users, on LANs and to smart phones + Prioritization for real-time traffic - Just enable diffserv + Metering and charging of “beyond Internet usage” Good for everyone: also for the Telcos: The SDN is not needed, Provide something better, - IP connects end-to-end - and users will pay for it. . - SIP is a self-routing Bill the better! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 14

Time for Something Better: Internet+ Learn from the success of the Internet: Networks shall Not Be Application Specific! Enable the new services, interoperability and the standard we The Internet+: need and want! A non application-specific transport network: Just like the Internet! It IS the Internet – just extended: At the same time: + Delivery to the users, on LANs and to smart phones + Prioritization for real time traffic - Just enable diffserv - New Telco revenue + Metering and charging of “beyond Internet usage” - Vast Telco infrastructure savings Good for everyone: also for the Telcos: How to do? The SDN is not needed, Provide something better, Easier than believed! - IP connects end-to-end - and usrs will pay for it. . - SIP is a self-routing © 2012 Intertex Data AB Bill the better! 15

It Should be of Utmost Interest for the Telcos Internet and Telephony Economy Internet + Economy Bandwidth Usage Data Low Charged Internet Bandwidth Data RTC Skype etc. RTC Telephony+ Telephony Income (highly charged) Quality Bandwidth New Income Ø For real-time usage, we need an Internet pipe with prioritization enabled - not just for telepresence quality, but also for 2 G, 3 G and 4 G wireless real-time usage with smart phones § Has to be charged separately. If not, it would be used for everything and we are back at all usage being at the same quality level. Ø And we don’t want our smart phone batteries drained Ø And we want to use both phone number and addresses – not the many island. © 2012 Intertex Data AB 16

For the Telephony+ Services For a Telephony+ service (including POTS): + SIP is the standard to use. All SIP transported everywhere! § The SIP interface must be available everywhere and the network carry anything possible with SIP, both for users and services. § The Network shall not interfere – not be application specific – that is between users and services. SIP proxies are allowed, but § Gateways and B 2 BUA are only allowed toward outside elements + Usage of E. 164 numbers in addition to SIP address + Telcos must share numbers in a common database + ENUM convert numbers to SIP addresses (and other addresses Skype) + Gateways in and out to the other islands. + Trust between participants (like having a telephony subscription/telephone line/number today) © 2012 Intertex Data AB 17

Internet+ Model The Internet with Quality Enabled Global IP Transport Network SIP Connect 1. 1 PKI DNS EMS ENUM TR 069 All SIP Routed Everywhere (Not Gatewayed! Via SIP Proxies – Not B 2 BUAs) © 2012 Intertex Data AB 18

For the Telcos To Do Ø Enable diffserv on Internet+ Accesses (Or provide separate high quality pipe on routable IP. ) Ø Provide ENUM directory (public or private) E. 164 numbers to SIP address resolution Ø Peer higher quality pipes with other carriers just as for Internet Share ENUM between the Carriers Ø Deploy TOQrouters* – similar to clever ESBCs used for SIP Trunking Manage as already done in volume deployments Provide Certificates to the TOQrouter for trust TOQ routers use mutual TLS for all WAN SIP Ø Pick up CDRs from the TOQrouter and Bill * TOQ stands for Trust Open Quality © 2012 Intertex Data AB 19

For Wireless and Our Smart. Phones Internet+ Ø Just replace today’s network firewall with the TOQrouter* and use the IP channel for good real-time communication also Ø No more battery draining (keep-alive packets not needed) 4 G 3 G 2 G Ø Forget about Vo. LTE in 4 G networks. It is POTSo. IP again… Vo. L TE * TOQ stands for Trust Open Quality © 2012 Intertex Data AB Ø No more ”mobility plumbing” needed: SIP reaches everywhere! 20

More on the Internet+ Thursday 2 nd, 1: 00 pm : Video-Over-IP, Room B 114/B 115 Driving the Need for an Internet+ Friday 3 rd, 9: 00 am : Bo. F, Room A 208 Birds-of-a-Feather , Session Intertex Data AB Ingate Systems Inc. www. intertex. se info@intertex. se Rissneleden 45 SE-174 44 Sundbyberg Sweden sip: reception@intertex. se Tel: +46 8 6282828 www. ingate. com Info@ingate. com 7 Farley Road Hollis, NH 03049 United States Ph: +1 (603) 883 -6569 Tel sv: +46 8 6007750 © 2012 Intertex Data AB 22

More on the Internet+ Thursday 2 nd, 1: 00 pm : Video-Over-IP, Room B 114/B 115 Driving the Need for an Internet+ More of the Internet+ Friday 3 rd, 9: 00 am : Bo. F, Room A 208 model in the following Birds-of-a-Feather , Session slides Intertex Data AB Ingate Systems Inc. www. intertex. se info@intertex. se Rissneleden 45 SE-174 44 Sundbyberg Sweden sip: reception@intertex. se Tel: +46 8 6282828 www. ingate. com Info@ingate. com 7 Farley Road Hollis, NH 03049 United States Ph: +1 (603) 883 -6569 Tel sv: +46 8 6007750 © 2012 Intertex Data AB 23

Really Possible? – Don’t we need this? Will there then be another 10 years before Internet+, or? All standards and all elements are ready to use. No IMS multimedia call across carrier domains after 5 years of deployment. But POTS on RJ 11 delivered… © 2012 Intertex Data AB And they can be introduced step-by-step! 24

The TOQrouter Can Be The Registrar YOU Shall Decide Whom To Accept Calls From Example using the Intertex IX 78 as TOQrouter: Ø The TOQrouter is a good registrar, but the registrar can be located anywhere Ø Ø Your Buddy list and below allows you whom to communicate with Those on the “Trusted Network” will be the Telephony subscribers as before Exists on Proxy level and individual User level

Most of the Gear is Already in Use …but not (yet) for Internet+ Internet IP-TV Vo. D VLANs or ADSL Virtual Circuits IMS Vo. IP TR-069 Wi. Fi The Multimedia LAN IP PBX PDA Telepresence In the above deployment, the Intertex IX 78 E-SBC is used for SIP trunking, but is actually capable of TOQrouter functions. This major European Telco has a high quality Vo. IP network using white addresses and is routed to the Internet. An Internet+ model would here simply mean IP peering their Vo. IP IP network to other service providers’ high quality networks, supplying an ENUM database and relying on CDRs delivered to the management system. The Intertex IX 78 already provides the clean SIP interface to LAN endpoints and servers on the LAN, in parallel with its gateway approach toward the PBX and the IMS system.

The SIP Standard: Global and More Than Voice! Ø Today over the Internet, but then: § not always sufficient quality § difficult to bill by usage (Telcos’ core business…) Ø and the NAT/Firewall traversal issue must be resolved Ø Telcos have feared another Skype… But Telcos don’t like another Skype. Need to offer more to bill… © 2012 Intertex Data AB 27

Can the “Core” Soft Switch/SBC Participate? Ø Sure - it can be a SIP Registrar - which could be used instead of the registrar in the TOQrouter (In an Internet+ model, a SIP server can be everywhere!). Ø As a routing element; It must be a compliant SIP Proxy (B 2 BUAs/Gateways must not be in the transport part of the network)! Ø It must only route PSTN calls into the POTSo. IP overlay Ø It could do some individual forwarding etc. of incoming calls (instead of the TOQrouter) –IF behaving like a SIP Proxy Ø The TOQrouter will be required anyway © 2012 Intertex Data AB 29

Why are there SDN and IMS? Ø IMS world said (but could not deliver): § “Evolving broadband communication by launching new services cost-efficiently“ § “People want an enriched communication experience, anywhere, anytime, and to any device. By XXX IMS technology operators are able to cost efficiently deliver that experience and to generate revenue” Ø An SDN, but not today’s transport network, the Internet, may achieve: § service providers can bill for their services, § the ability to use a higher quality IP transport network, § the ability to only allow trusted users - that is, subscribers to a service provider - to participate in the communication, § fulfilling lawful intercept requirement and § fulfilling emergency calling requirements. Ø The Internet+ model provides the above better, while maintaining: § § reliability (no introduction of massive central elements) scalability (no introduction of massive central elements) good performance of a global IP transport network Interoperability (no multiple conversions, no interference with SIP). © 2012 Intertex Data AB 30

The TOQrouter Ø Ø Ø A Firewall/NAT (with general Firewall security functions) An RFC 3261 compliant SIP Proxy also implementing RFC 3263 and RFC 3264 The SIP Proxy performing ALG functions by: - handling and being aware of its NATed environment (by reading the IP routing table) - reserving NAT ports and rewriting the SDP accordingly (according to the Midcom RFC 3989) - setting up the NAT and opening pinholes for the media in the Firewall (according to the Midcom RFC 3989) Ø The SIP Proxy implementing RCF 3325 (trusted networks): § - using mutual TLS and certificates towards SIP Proxies on the WAN Ø Ø Ø Ø Having functions for classifying SIP traffic to assign correct Qo. S class, based on various conditions A SIP Registrar for (a) keeping and using registrations from LAN connected devices – a Shadow registrar - to allow incoming calls. This (shadow) registrar should also be able to handle RFC 6140 Gin registration for a PBX. (b) Being the main registrar for one or several domains. A function and setup for SIP Domain forwarding to local SIP Servers, e. g. an IP-PBX on the LAN to be used by remote users. A dial plan with ENUM look-up to allow E 164 numbers to be used, as described below Qo. S based routing, to select correct IP interface, in case special Qo. S WAN pipes are provided The TOQmeter– A meter for billing purposes plus trust for the provider A management interface and protocol, allowing very high network scalability, with trust and security to allow CDR delivery over a public network (TR-069, sending CDRs in Informs is recommended. ) The TOQrouter is also the point where a legal requirement of intercept can be fulfilled. And it can aid emergency calling since its physical location usually is known. (RFC 6442) © 2012 Intertex Data AB 31

The TOQrouter Optionally, the TOQrouter may include: Ø Functions in the SIP proxy for improved compatibility towards SIP devices Ø Gateway functions in a B 2 BUA for extended compatibility improvements towards non SIP incompatible devices (e. g. for connecting a variety of PBXs) Ø Firewall and NAT functions for data traffic Ø Analog telephone ports (for connecting POTS ports) Ø Triple play capability, by handling separate IP interfaces for Internet, Vo. IP/IMS and IP-TV and Vo. D etc. Ø An access modem/router, e. g. for DSL, Cable, GPON, VLAN Ethernet, T 1, MPLS Ø Multimedia capable PBX functionality using the available SIP Proxy and SIP Registrar Ø Other useful Business and Residential Gateway functions Notice that these kind of function may not be confused with or interfere with the basic TOQrouter functions! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 32

What SIP to Use? – Just SIP! Internet+ does not interfere – Just transports/routes (as HTTP or SNTP) It is between the endpoints: Between Users and Servers! For all endpoints using the TOQSIP interface, minimum: Ø Ø Ø RFC 3261 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol RFC 3263 SIP: Locating SIP Servers – DNS usage, plus RFC 3264 An Offer/Answer Model with the Session Description Protocol (SDP) RFC 4028 Timer RFC 6442 Geolocation header (for emergency calling) RFC 3325 For endpoints wanting to set Privacy Policies For endpoints wanting confirmed early media (telephones): Ø RFC 3262 SIP: Prack/100 rel for early media For endpoints using call transfer and similar: Ø Ø Ø RFC 3515 Refer RFC 3891 Replaces RFC 3892 Referred-by © 2012 Intertex Data AB 33

What SIP to Use? – Just SIP! (continuation) Internet+ does not interfere – Just transports/routes (as HTTP or SNTP) For Presence endpoints: Ø Ø Ø RFC 3265 RFC 3856 RFC 3863 For IM endpoints: Ø RFC 3428 For servers supporting endpoints (e. g. an IP-PBX) if they want the option of authenticating their users: Ø Ø RFC 3325 Asserted Identity within Trusted Networks RFC 6140 (Gin Registration) or use fix IP ITSP IP address when using SIP Connect 1. 1 Extensions, such as (most of? ) the IMS additions, will be transported correctly by the TOQrouter. © 2012 Intertex Data AB 34

Smooth Way Toward Internet+ Can Introduce Step-by-Step (and per user): while using existing POTS/ PSTN interop until all on IP Ø SIP Trunk Provider: Can use TOQrouter and directly offer Global UC § § Flat rate over current Internet now, add +pipe with quality and billing later TOQrouter routes PSTN calls directly over today’s SIP trunk If on Internet now: Turn on diffserv on carriers network, +peer with other carriers later If on quality pipe now: Use white IP addresses and +peer settlement free with others Ø Triple Play Provider: Can use TOQrouter and directly offer Global UC § § TOQrouter presents a single LAN with global UC and telephony on the quality cloud Flat rate first, add other price plans and billing later TOQrouter can still route PSTN calls over today’s SIP-trunk Use white IP addresses on quality cloud and +peer with other carriers Ø Wireless 3 G, 4 G Provider: Can use TOQrouter and directly offer Global UC § § § Battery draining by keep-alive packets gone! Turn on diffserv in own network and offer quality to own users Flat rate first - add other price plans and billing later Use white IP addresses and +peer quality clouds with other carriers later No need for Vo. LTE (it is just complicated POTS) © 2012 Intertex Data AB 35

User-FAQ 1 Q First tell me: Is my new fine smart phone faulty or has the vendor lied to me about the battery time? It ran out of battery in half a day instead of the promised week! Did you not use it a lot? No, I didn’t even talk in it. Only had IM and presence on for a few friends that use Google. Talk. That is one of the problems an Internet+ access will address! Today’s wireless operators don’t give you Internet access where you can be reached when needed! The real-time services that need to reach your Smart Phone (e. g. incoming calls, IM or presence), therefore sends frequent keep-alive packets to make the telco firewall keep a door open so you can be reached. Those keep-alive packets stop your smart phone from battery-save mode when not used. That drains your battery. Q What? Can I get another wireless subscription that doesn’t fool me like that? They said I would get all features and functions with my new smart phone No, no provider network yet allows that, in spite of Internet access and promises. Incoming signals are kept for their Plain Old Telephony Service (POTS) (the actual Phone in your smart phone). © 2012 Intertex Data AB 36

User-FAQ 2 Q Can I get the IM and presence there then? Sorry – that’s only for the voice. They have built the POTS service into the network itself, so you won’t get the new ways of communication there. . . Until I get 4 G – that is all IP I’ve heard… Sorry again… They just built Vo. LTE on top of IP – only getting the POTS service again But that is 100 years old and its sounds worse than AM radio. What is happening? Internet has given us so much – They said SIP and then IMS would give us all possible things. Wait, Internet+ will correct it all – It is easy to implement, soon… Q Can I use both Google. Talk and Skype. Talk then? Hopefully you will like the global IP and presence service using the standardized protocol SIP, so everyone can reach everyone else. Q You mean I won’t have 3 or so different soft clients running then? But those that already use Skype or Google. Talk then? Hopefully proprietary services, not following the standard, will have gateways into the global standard (like they do with voice/telephony) so everyone reaches each other. It would be great if people did not have to call me on my phone to ask me to start my Skype client and such things! Give us that! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 37

User-FAQ 3 Q But the sound of Google. Talk and Skype on my smart phone make them unusable even though they are often better than my phone on my PC? Will that be fixed? Internet+ will release the real capacity over the Internet SIP channel! Q … really? More than 3. 5 or 7 k. Hz? I still can hear 15 k. Hz! Yes! With Internet+ you can also get video conferencing with telepresence quality. It is not restricted and built into the network anymore. It simply becomes better and can develop with the ever increasing power and capacity! Q Wow - And the same on my fixed and wireless devices? Of course! – It is the cloud now again. Internet+ is just the Internet improved for real-time communication! You should get it all everywhere – The benefit of the cloud! Q And can I forward my communication to other phones and even Skype and other clients? Yes, that should be a function you access in your SIP server, which can be in the TOQrouter. Example from Intertex IX 78: © 2012 Intertex Data AB 38

Business User-FAQ 4 Q Can I then participate with my smart phone in my company’s telepresence conferences? It would mean a lot to me if I can reduce my travelling and instead can use the fine screen and camera in my smart phone and laptop? Yes, Internet+ will make that happen! The 100 years old Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) can finally be bypassed! Q Will it be easier to federate so I can communicate with other companies in the same way? Federate? No need for that with Internet+ and following standards! Everyone can of course reach everyone else – using all SIP based applications! Q And can I be connected to our office PBX? Will that mobility solution with its server and special arrangement still work? No such solution is needed with Internet+. Just follow standards – SIP is transported everywhere. A SIP phone then connects to the SIP PBX from everywhere and with full functionality. Internet+ automatically gives full mobility using SIP! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 39

Business User-FAQ 5 Q How will SIP Trunking of an IP-PBX be done when having an Internet+ access? A lot easier! NAT/Firewall traversal, connectivity and security are already resolved. If the ITSP SIP Trunk follows a standard (e. g. SIP Connect 1. 1), a PBX following the same becomes directly connected. Otherwise, an E-SBC can do the normalization part between the ITSP Trunk and the PBX – an easier job than today. Probably, such SIP normalization function will be an option of the TOQrouter. (It is important that such normalization function - especially if a SIP B 2 BUA or gateway is used – only is between the ITSP and the IP-PBX and not interferes with the TOQrouter’s general SIP Proxy interface. ) Q How will connecting to a SIP based cloud service like the MS Office 365 Exchange UM be done having an Internet+ access? A lot easier! NAT/Firewall traversal connectivity and security is already resolved and available. An MS issued certificate will be installed in the TOQrouter for trusted communication towards the MS cloud. (Or MS and the enterprise will trust the already available trusted Internet+ SIP connection. ) Any further adaption required toward the local PBX, will thereafter be the same as today. Such adaption function may be an option of the TOQrouter. © 2012 Intertex Data AB 40

Telco-FAQ: Services and Billing 1 Q Can a wireless provider really bill for ordinary phone calls over the Internet channel? Yes, CDR processing and billing can be as before, or done better. The same applies to the fixed network accesses! Q And can we have the SMS service there also? Yes, bill as before or in better ways – and finally bring SMS to the fixed network! Users would certainly like to send SMSes from their PCs! Wow – SMS in the fixed network! Would really get telcos new income… Q Before having higher IP-quality enabled in our network, can we still bill SMS and calls that way? Sure! And for voice and SMS, the Qo. S-function in the TOQrouter itself is most often sufficient, on the decent Internet pipe! Q How do we roam? Technically, it is automatic – one cloud! If Telcos want to bill separately – Clear it via the CDR-processing as today. Q When introducing a new service – e. g. presence or video calling – how do we enable that and provision in our network? You don’t! It is there already! SIP transports all real-time services person-to-person without interfering – You just bill for the new usage - if you wish! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 41

Telco-FAQ: Services and Billing 2 Q And new services; IM, Presence, Video Calling –Telepresence, “Skype”, UC in general They can work as today over the ordinary Internet, or with +quality and in wireless without the battery draining. In today’s islands over the Internet, they will work as today, but (i) for connectivity to the global world, (ii) for running over the quality pipe and (iii) for access without battery drain, Telcos can bill. There can be general charges that allows 3 rd party services and usage to appear, and automatically be charged for transport usage, and there can be specific charges for identified services. General (application independent) charges would be: - Availability time (SIP registered, without battery draining keep-alive packets in wireless), probably charged flat rate with the subscription - Per connect (an opening charge like today) - per MB usage and time, at available quality levels (in attractive combinations) A specific charge for e. g. telepresence calling could be: - For H. 264 > 1 Mbps usage, 20 h/months included, thereafter XX$ per 100 MB. © 2012 Intertex Data AB 42

Telco-FAQ: Services and Billing 3 Q Can we give a user a twin SIM card e. g. for usage in a car mounted handsfree, something we never have succeeded to make into a useful service of today? Yes, that is an excellent example how a proper SIP network automatically gives the right functionality. All users handsets simply use the same SIP address, then the forking mechanism in SIP makes all handsets ring (which stop at the first picks up)! Q Wow! And the mobility solutions with their servers and gateways? That is also automatic in a proper SIP network - A user can be anywhere! The TOQrouter provides a general SIP interface available at all delivery points (even on the LANs). If you have Internet+ access, you are as mobile with SIP access as with Web access! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 43

Telco-FAQ: Security 1 Q Cannot traffic be intercepted and listened to over the public Internet? Not easily, it is about the same as over all public (global) networks. Using Internet+, signaling is encrypted through the use of TLS. The media can be encrypted by the endpoints using SRTP or the SRTP can be added by the TOQrouter. Q Can the requirements of legal intercept be fulfilled? Yes, the trusted TOQrouter is a SIP proxy and sees the signaling and the key for the media encryption. The TOQrouter can then do legal intercept by mirroring the media. Q Can the requirements of emergency calling also be fulfilled? Yes, a proper SIP network makes fulfilling the new requirements listed in RFC 6443 straight forward to fullfil! Q Isn’t it better to have a separate quality network? No! Having Internet+ as a an extension to the Internet gives important benefits: 1) We need to interop with the world of internet connected devices! In the Internet+ model, we get the same global SIP interface everywhere – allowing all SIP applications! Having Internet gatewayed into a new network, would give limited functionality and an application dependant network again. 2) We already have the best bandwidth and robustness on the Internet. Here we simply introduce a better way to share that bandwidth. Enabling diffserv will simple prioritize a portion of the available bandwidth for real-time applications, giving it better value. © 2012 Intertex Data AB 44

Telco-FAQ: Security 2 Q If communication is over the Internet(+), how do we stop someone from stealing Telco service? The Telco deploys, controls and manages the TOQrouter at the physical delivery point of the subscriber. It is the demarcation point. The TOQrouter, its integrity and function are verified and authenticated using a Telco signed certificate (using a common root CA for all Telcos) and use mutual TLS signaling between the TOQrouters for the SIP communication. This replaces the old way of rolling out a specific wire (physical or e. g. “MPLS”) for a specific service and gives a better trust in the delivery. A PKI structure verifies the certificate and allows revocation for stolen or misbehaving TOQrouters. The TOQrouter authenticate users and include such information in the SIP communication (RFC 3325). One policy may be that all users on a private LAN are considered authenticated by just being on the LAN, while remote users are SIP digest authenticated. The TOQrouter measures the usage, just like an electricity meter. It does not in itself stop usage, but informs who is using. (The management system may turn off access in case of problem. ) On top of this, the user may have its own password to a specific Telco or 3 rd party service, for SIP authentication of usage, just as usual. In a wireless network, this trust stretches to the TOQrouter (in place of today’s firewall) “behind the mast” that creates the private IP domain to the user. Thereafter, the ordinary SIM card in the handset assures that an allowed user is accessing. © 2012 Intertex Data AB 45

General FAQ Q Will a global telepresence service (like the OVCC) fit the Internet+ Model? Yes, the Internet+ model was actually developed for that type of service, meeting such business, quality and security requirements. It surpasses all requirements, allows a soon launch, and presents much more flexible billing methods. Q Does Internet+ access need to be introduced all at once, both the new capabilities and to all users? No, not at all. One can start with subscriber by subscriber and with ordinary Internet accesses. Those subscribers get global UC connectivity and POTS connectivity directly. Thereafter, usage based billing can be introduced and later the access to higher quality pipes. For Telcos with triple play networks it is even more easy. They can directly offer Internet+ connectivity between all their triple play subscribers. Q Can Telcos field test within a smaller group? Yes! Q Can we set up a test network today already? Yes! Contact Intertex or Ingate! © 2012 Intertex Data AB 46

More on the Internet+ Friday 3 rd, 9: 00 am : Bo. F, Room A 208 Birds-of-a-Feather , Session Intertex Data AB Ingate Systems Inc. www. intertex. se info@intertex. se Rissneleden 45 SE-174 44 Sundbyberg Sweden sip: reception@intertex. se Tel: +46 8 6282828 www. ingate. com Info@ingate. com 7 Farley Road Hollis, NH 03049 United States Ph: +1 (603) 883 -6569 Tel sv: +46 8 6007750 © 2012 Intertex Data AB 47