Oscillation OPERA CNGS 1 Project with Emulsion-t Racking Apparatus

Oscillation OPERA/CNGS 1 Project with Emulsion-t. Racking Apparatus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. April 18 th, 2007 Electronic detectors status of installation DAQ and data analysis software Results from detectors commissioning • TT • RPC • HPT Cosmic and CNGS run results Emulsions analysis • Scanning facilities • Track matching and analysis Test beam activities Detector filling strategy and CNGS runs OPERA sensitivity updated Conclusions LNGSC 1

Electronic detectors installation SM 1 Veto Target tracker BMS April 18 th, 2007 SM 2 Spectrometer: XPC, HPT, RPC, magnet LNGSC All installed and running except: • VETO commissioning in progress • HPT/SM 2 : completed june 2007 2

DAQ readout architecture Each individual node runs a local 100 MHz clock generated via a common 20 MHz clock send from a precise and stable oscillator. The oscillator is plugged onto a dedicated PCI board which locks the clock signal on the GPS and encode specific commands (propagation delay meas. , reset, reboot etc). Node card i SM 2 SM 1 9 Master cards O/E converter MLVDS Optical fiber « Slave » clock in Hall C (receives the GPS signal from the Outside antenna though a 8 km optical fiber) PCI card April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 3

DAQ computing architecture CNGS DB (Oracle) Gateway DB CNGS Early Warning • Time coincidence between subdetectors (merge sort) • Event classification wrt the beam UTC • Event header production Beam syncronizer • Decodes CNGS early warning • Flag the DAQ cycle wrt the beam DAQ manager • X-Y coincidence • L-R coincidence • N planes coinc? • 992 sensors TTdaq … TTsensors April 18 th, 2007 Root Event builder • Alignment • Data analysis • Brick finding ASCII-2 -Root Raw data DB • post. Gres (DAQ) • Oracle • Connects the DAQs • Send flagged cycles • Writes GPS dates BMM ASCII Event DB (Oracle) RPCdaq • Majority trigger • Same DAQ for RPC-XPC-VETO • 54 sensors … RPCsensors LNGSC • Trigger cross-check? • Tests procedure • 105 sensors HPTdaq … HPTsensors 4

DAQ: timing performances 10 nsec binning Event building by sorting in time individual hit from sub-detectors TT RPC HPT The time stamp (10 nsec bin) is correlated with the GPS (100 nsec resolution) in order to select CNGS beam event April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 5

Time stamp resolution Strip number Time difference With position correction Sigma : 9 nsec Without fiber transmission correction down going muon : side view April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 6

Computing framework • The offline computing framework is a set of software C++ packages: * running on CERN Linux platforms (and partly on Windows) * managed by CMT and stored on a CERN CVS server * with built-in Doxygen documentation • ROOT is used extensively: * for data persistency with TTrees in files * for detector description with TGeo. Manager * for data simulation with Virtual Monte Carlo GEANT 3 -VMC * for data analysis: reconstruction in emulsions, ROOT macros, GUI for display • The software team sticks continuously to the upgrades: * of platforms and compilers (Scientific Linux CERN SLC 4, 64 bits) * of softwares (ROOT 5) April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 7

Analysis chain • Data model and detector model are stable and robust with: * standardization of real data / simulated data access * description of the hall, Borexino, OPERA support structure, magnetic field, etc… * insertion of alignment effects • Simulation chain (generation-simulation-digitization) is under control with a production plan: beam events, rock events, cosmics • Reconstruction and analysis algorithms are well advanced with: * electronic detector reconstruction almost « final » * several emulsion data reconstruction algorithms * connection of electronic detectors data and emulsion data under study * offline « heavy » event display and online « light » event display OED * possibilities to perform analyses in the ROOT context (macros) and outside ROOT using the Standard Templated Library STL April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 8

3. Results from electronic detectors commissioning April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 9

Target Tracker efficiency 1 p. e. using cosmic ray tracks 2 p. e. 3 p. e. Trigger rate: • 1 p. e. 20 cps per pixel • 2 p. e. 10 cps per pixel April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 10

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RPC efficiencies using cosmic ray tracks SM 1 SM 2 1 HV row missing Electronics All problems have been cured April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 12

RPC spatial resolution using cosmic ray tracks Tracking resolution ~ 1. 3 cm, Misalignments < 1 cm April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 13

Status of reconstruction for HPT -reconstruction running stable for data and MC events -Timing corrections implemented -Alignment ongoing, starting from TDA measurements -Resolution of ~500 m in single planes for cosmic data (see plots below) -Alignment will bring improvements (300 m prototype measurements) -80% track efficiency for cosmic data April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 14

Example of a reconstructed cosmic ray event April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 15

4. Cosmic and CNGS runs results April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 16

Beam Direction: August run OPERA Zenith angle of muon track y y >0 y <0 z August Run result: < >=3. 4± 0. 3 Select events around beam (0 < < 0. 15 rad) direction and check if there are on time April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 17

μCC in the magnets Event selection: • on time beam events • μ id (> 10 Fe slabs) • fiducial volume Data reduction August + October Data = 36 ± 6 evt. MC = 29. 9 evt. Azimuth angle (rad) • CC in magnets selection efficiency 52% • very pure sample, NC contamination 4% (1, 1 event) April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC August only with 2 cut • Data = 29 ± 5 evt. • MC = 23. 7 evt. 18

High energy muon charge ratio Can be measured in using the OPERA spectrometers : Overburden : ~3000 m. w. e. Eμ underground : 300 Ge. V Eμ surface cut-off : 1400 Ge. V April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 19

5. Emulsion analysis April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 20

Automated Microscopes for Nuclear Emulsions ~ 30 bricks will be daily extracted from target and analyzed using high-speed automatic systems European Scanning System S-UTS (Japan) scanning speed ~ 20 cm 2/h High speed CCD Camera (3 k. Hz) Piezo-controlled objective lens Hard-coded algorithms Customized commercial optics and mechanics + asynchronous DAQ software April 18 th, 2007 Synchronization of objective lens and stage Constant speed stage LNGSC 21

Automated Track Reconstruction and Vertex Search tracks in the CS doublet scan-back efficiency 93. 1% scan-back tracks followed backward film by film volume scan angular residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks (vertical tracks) April 18 th, 2007 position residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks LNGSC vertex reconstruction 22

European Scanning System • R&D on 20 cm 2/h European Scanning System completed successfully (end 2004) • 30 ESS distributed among 11 labs ( 22 ESS in 8 Italian labs ): Bari, Bern, Bologna, Lngs, Lyon, Napoli, Salerno + Neuchatel, Roma, LNF, Padova • Integrated in a online computers network : including DB, manager , on line computation , plate changer …. . April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 23

Scanning capabilities in Europe 1. CSD scanning : 6 ESS at LNGS -> ~ 8 CSdoublet/day ( ~ 5 microscopes missing ) 2. Brick Vertex location and confirmation : Italy : 12 10 bricks/day EU : 6 ESS 5 bricks/day plate changer in progress ( with dry and oil objectives ) 1. Dedicated to Special events ( min. bias, decays, electrons, …): Italy : 4 ESS ~ 200 events/yr EU : 2 ESS ~ 100 events/yr April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 24

Scanning in Japan CSD scanning SUTS status: • first unit ready : 20 cm²/h • R&D in progress in order to reach 60 cm²/h X 50 lens Optimized FPGA code • 5 units in preparation 300 cm²/h The 1 st S-UTS (20 cm 2/h) Brick scanning Vertex finding performances: • Single track scan back : • Vertex finding: • νμCC : 15’ for vertex finding nx 10’ for vertex studies • νμNC : 2 -3 x CC vertex finding time April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 25

Full analysis rehearsal with the OPERA detector October CNGS run: • CNGS induced rock muon selected by electronic detectors • brick tagging using the reconstruction software • CSD and brick analysed using the standard scanning system Prediction accuracy : • Δx = 5. 5 mm (along the tray) • Δy = 0. 4 mm (vertical direction) • Δθx = 16. 6 mrad • Δθy = 24. 8 mrad Muon momentum: • MCS (coordinate method) : 6. 4 ± 1. Ge. V/c • Spectrometer (RPC) : 7. 05 ± 0. 4 Ge. V/c April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 26

Brick flatness ( τ kink search : θ > 20 mrad ) RMS 1. 4 mrad PL # RMS 1. 9 mrad PL # April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 27

Brick emulsion alignment with cosmics CNGS rock muon analysis RMS 1. 1μm RMS 0. 8μm April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 28

6. Test beam activities u CERN exposures: measurement of the π topological cross-section → direct measurement of the hadronic background (thousand of interactions reconstructed); n measurement of the large-angle scattering off lead nuclei → direct measurement of the main source of the background in the muonic channel; n study of the momentum measurement by using the Multiple Coulomb Scattering; n study of the π →e mis-identification n u DESY exposures: availability of a pure electron beam → electron identification studies and energy measurement u PSI exposures: study of the π/ separation through the d. E/dx method (about 60% of the stoping muons are identified, while about 3% of the pions are misidentified as muons) u LNGS tests: by using cosmic-rays we studied the electronic detector predictions vs CS scanning. We managed to go from the cm precision scale of the electronic detector to the m precision scale of the nuclear emulsions u PEANUT test experiment: about 50 ECC have been exposed to the Nu. MI neutrino beam and several hundred of neutrino interactions collected. Very useful for vertex location and vertex reconstruction studies April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 29

Electron/Pion separation April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 30

Neural Input variables : • basetrack and film number • Longitudinal and transversal profile April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC network analysis 31

OPERA rehearsal in the NUMI beam : PEANUT SFT PEANUT E (Ge. V) April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 32

PEANUT status and objectives Status: • • • About 100 bricks exposed and a few thousands interactions expected 20 bricks currently under analysis (1000 located interactions expected) The SFT predictions are stored in the DB (same OPERA schema) Emulsion to SFT alignment successfully done with expected performances Pilot vertex analysis for 2 bricks in general scanning mode is now completed. Full Monte. Carlo simulation developed including SFT hit simulation Main goals: • Multiplicity studies for both biased (SFTmatching events) and unbiased samples • De-convolution of the 3 cross-section components (QE, RES and DIS) Electron shower detected in 1 brick April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 33

SFT – emulsion matching and vertex analysis 30 neutrino interactions with an SFT matching located in 1 brick s=400 µm s=6 mrad After efficiency correction (estimated through a full MC simulation): N/ = 56 ± 10, to be compared with (54± 7) from flux and cross-section 1 high multiplicity event observed: • 4 tracks from 2 e-pairs • 8 primary tracks April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 34

7. Detector filling strategy and CNGS runs April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 35

Detector filling Assumptions : • Number of bricks on the end of April: 10000 • Ramp up from average actual speed 4 drums/week to 10 drums/week on April 30 th • Reaching 15 drums/week on september 1 st More details in the Techical coordinators report Full target filled (150000 bricks) at the beginning of May 2008 (including 15%contingencies and 3 weeks for holidays) SPS tentative schedule : 2008 Physics starts end of april April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 36

CNGS run in 2007 x 1019 3/9/07 11/11/07 19/3/07 days Total number of interactions Integrated p. o. t days Filling start run 15/9/07 Filling end run 15/11/07 Integrated p. o. t Bricks with interactions 59334 86802 1019 pot 465 April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC ~20 Charmed hadron decay 37

8. OPERA sensitivity updated April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 38

OPERA sensitivity : nominal conditions Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction 90 % CL Sensitivity F&C Opera, with beam upgrade (1. 5) Opera with 30% bck reduction Opera nominal SK 90% CL (L/E analysis) April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 39

OPERA sensitivity : nominal conditions 90 % CL Sensitivity F&C Opera with 30% target mass reduction Opera with 50%reduction Opera nominal SK 90% CL (L/E analysis) April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 40

9. Conclusions The electronic detectors of the OPERA experiment are ready for data taking during the fore coming CNGS runs The brick production is launched and the detector should be filled before the physics run in 2008 The data analysis chain has been validated for the : v electronic detectors during the CNGS beam periods and also with cosmic rays in 2006 v emulsion detectors during many test runs, especially with real neutrino event from an exposure in the NUMI beam OPERA Physics program is valid, and it is a great opportunity for young physicists to learn about Neutrino Physics with real data Caveat: ü the schedule is tight and the resources limited ( more in the resource manager report ) any problem will now induced delays difficult to recover ü OPERA sensitivity is limited by the statistics missing emulsions will seriously reduce its sensitivity This is a great concern, especially since OPERA is the only experiment which could perform the physics studies which have motivated the CNGS project April 18 th, 2007 LNGSC 41