OS Installing CSCI N 321 System and

OS Installing CSCI N 321 – System and Network Administration Copyright © 2000, 2011 by Scott Orr and the Trustees of Indiana University

Section Overview Hardware Inventory & Compatibility Disk Space & Partitioning Installation Media & Methods OS Installation Customization

References Red. Hat Fedora 15 Installation Guide Red. Hat Fedora Support – Documentation

Evard’s System Life Cycle New Rebuild Build Clean Update Initialize Entropy Configure Unknown Debug Retire Off

Getting started Pick OS, vendor, & version Installation media Read vendor documentation HW Drivers? n n Directly Supported? Downloadable?

Hardware Inventory CPU/Motherboard/Memory Hard Drive(s) & Partitions Keyboard/Mouse CD/DVD Graphics Card/Monitor Sound Networking

Gathering the Hardware Info PC vendor documentation Peripheral documentation Win. XP, or Win 7 if installed Record all information in Wiki

Hardware Info – Windows 7 System Properties n n General Tab Device manager Disk Usage - Disk Manager n n Partitions Free Space Network Settings – TCP/IP Properties n n n Address/Subnet Mask Gateway DNS Configuration

Dr. Hardware Sysinfo Tool www. dr-hardware. com

Fedora 15 Requirements Text Mode n n CPU: 200 MHz Pentium-class+ Memory: 256 MB Graphics (X Windows) Mode n n CPU: 400 MHz Pentium Pro Memory w Minimum: 640 MB w Recommended: 1152 MB+

Disk Repartitioning Destructive – fdisk Non-destructive n n n Split a larger partition into 2 or more smaller ones Must defragment the partition first ntfsresize Commercial tools ALWAYS back data up first!!!

Fedora Installation Sources Live CD DVD Minimal n n n CD Boot USB Boot Rescue Boot Network n n NFS Image FTP HTTP PXE

Installation from Media Language Selection Keyboard/Mouse Partitioning Boot Loader Configuraion Network Configuration Root Account Creation Image copied from CD

Disk Partitioning Create partitions on available drives Lists existing partitions/filesystem types Partition information n n Mount point Linux device Requested/actual space Filesystem type Need native and swap partitions

Minimum Partition Sizes Directory Min. Size / 250 MB /boot 250 MB /usr 250 MB /tmp 50 MB /var* 384 MB /home 100 MB * Will need more in order to patch the system the first time

Linux Drive Names Floppy Disk - /dev/fd 0 CDROM Drive - /dev/cdrom Hard Drives - /dev/hd. XY n X – drive number (a-d) Y – Partition number (1 -9) n Example: /dev/hda 5 (drive a, partition 5) n SCSI/USB Devices - /dev/sd. XY

Swap Partitions Extends the amount of RAM installed Classic UNIX Rule of Thumb n n Swap partition should be twice the size of RAM installed Can get by with much less under Linux

Fedora Swap Requirements RAM Min. Swap Size >= 4 GB 2 GB 4 GB – 16 GB 4 GB 16 GB – 64 GB 8 GB 64 GB – 256 GB 16 GB 256 GB – 512 GB 32 GB

GRUB Boot loader GRand Unified Bootloader Installed on the primary hard drive Provides a menu to boot installed Operating Systems Can modify for special boot modes Password protection

Root Account Superuser (Administrator in Windows) System Administration account Unlimited access to everything Should use only when needed Principle of Least Privilege

Post Media Installation License agreement Firewall – Enable only what you need SELinux – More on this later Date/Time n n Manual Time Server User account Creation

Installation Testing Boot Messages n n n Display Devices found List services started Watch for any error messages Login Prompt

System Patches Fix bugs discovered after version release Notification n n Vendor email lists Security Announcements (i. e. CERT) Automated systems n n Fedora & Red. Hat: yum Microsoft: Windows Update

Shutting Down Do not just turn off!!! Control-Alt-Delete Command Line n n n shutdown –h [-P] halt reboot

Dual-Boot Installations Installation of more than 1 OS on system OS chosen at boot time (e. g. : Grub) Space Allocation Planning Virtualization n n VMWare Virtual PC Xen/UML Application level (wine)

VMWare Server/Workstation Source: VMWare, Inc.

VMWare ESX Source: VMWare, Inc.

Large Deployments Automated OS Installation n n Minimizes Mistakes & Non-uniformity Examples: Red. Hat Kick. Start, Windows AIK Partially Automated n Each station requires minor tweaking Cloning n n Images based on Golden Machine Example: Ghost Checklists!!! Templates

Large Scale Patching/Updating Fully Automated? Gradual Rollout n n n One Some Many Document process