Origins of Judaism Sec 4 Background

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Origins of Judaism Sec 4

Background • Judaism is the oldest known monotheistic, belief in a single god, religion still practiced in the world today. • Yahweh- Hebrew name for God • Its fundamental teachings have been influential and are the basis for more recently developed religions such as Christianity and Islam.

Torah • Most of what we know about Hebrew history is contained in the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible, the Torah • Christians respect the Torah as part of the Old Testament • Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

Founders of Judaism • Abraham- chosen by God to be “father” of the Hebrew people, considered one of the founders of Judaism • Abraham was a shepherd who lived in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia • Book of Genesis says that God told Abraham to move his people to Canaan • Believed to be around 1800 BC

Covenant • Covenant- mutual promise between God and the Hebrews. God would protect the Hebrews as long as they obeyed him

Moses and the Exodus • Around 1650 BC, the Hebrews moved to Egypt • At first they were given places of honor but later they were forced into slavery • The Exodus- between 1300 and 1200 BC the Hebrews fled from Egypt led by Moses • Exodus is celebrated during Passover

Moses • Moses- man who led the Hebrews out of slavery • Ten Commandments- basis for civil and religious laws of Judaism • New Covenant- God will protect the Hebrews and they will obey the Ten Commandments

10 Commandments • You. Tube - Moses - Ten Commandments • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m. W_G m. Czd. DNQ

Land People of the Bible • After escaping Egypt the Hebrews wandered the desert for 40 years • Eventually returned to Canaan where Abraham was from • Loosely organized into 12 tribes that would unite in times of trouble

Hebrew Law • Ten Commandments were part of a code of laws delivered to Moses that included other rules regarding social and religious behavior • Similar to Hammurabi’s Code in some ways • Goal of Judaism is to live a moral life in accordance with God’s laws

Kingdom of Israel • Eventually only the tribe of Judah was left out of the 12 tribes, as a result Hebrews became known as Jews and their religions Judaism • From about 1020 to 922 BC the Hebrews united under 3 able kings, Saul, David, and Solomon • The new kingdom was Israel

King Solomon • King Solomon was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings • He extended the kingdom’s trade, beautified Jerusalem, built a temple • By 922 BC the kingdom was stressed by high taxes and forced labor on the temple and split into 2 kingdoms upon Solomon’s death • Israel in the north and Judah in the south

Foreign Rule • In 722 BC the Assyrians took control of Israel • Judah held out for 150 years but eventually fell to the Babylonians who destroyed the temple in 586 BC • In 539 BC the Persians took control and allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem • Soon other empires took control of the region. Persians, Greeks, Romans

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